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EN
The article presents the results of historical and pedagogical studies of the ideas of child-oriented in Tymofiy Lubenets’s theoretical and practical heritage. These ideas are in unison to the individual-oriented concept of child education. The subject of «child-oriented» we consider as orientation in educational process to the interests and needs of every single child. However, the article does not constitute scientific research on formation and development of the concept of child-centrism. This concept is used in the article as saying generally employed, which does not require to be confirmed by the research on its formation. The aim of the article is the highlighting the results of historical and pedagogical analysis of contribution of Tymofiy Lubenets, in particular his ideas of child-oriented to the pedagogical theory and practice of child education in the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century. During the preparation of the article we studied some problems, that performed at works of contemporary Ukrainian scientists, which became the basis of the study exactly the ideas of child-oriented in pedagogical heritage of Tymofiy Grigorovich Lubenets. We study the heritage of Tymofiy Lubenets because of his huge contribution to the theory and practice of education in the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century and because of actualization of this problem in contemporary educational area that is based on individual-oriented approach. The author found and generalized the key ideas of child-oriented, namely: child is the highest value, preparing the child for life in the society, education of person in the broadest sense, training and education in labor activity. Separation of these ideas is based on the analysis and synthesis of the creative heritage of outstanding teachers, which is an inexhaustible source for modern scholars in the field of pedagogy. The study of theoretical work and everyday practice of Tymofiy Lubenets enabled to conclude the modernity of child-oriented ideas, as a modern pre-school and primary education needs rethinking and development of training and education oriented on child’s interests and needs. The prospects for further research on the preparation of future teachers to implement the principle of child-oriented and development of content and methods of training and education of children on the basis of child-oriented areproposed.
EN
The article presents the results of historical and pedagogical studies of the innovative ideas in the theory and practice of an Ukrainian teacher Ivan Hurovych Tkachenko. The analysis of the published and unpublished sources, curricula, programs and reports on the results of the inspections of school performances held in the collections of the archives of Pedagogical Museum of Ukraine is presented. The liberalization of public life in the late 50-s of the twentieth century, reform of the Soviet system of education to prepare young people for work in industry, agriculture, culture and science led to a strong pace of innovation in educational theory and practice. The innovative ideas of Ivan Tkachenko are in unison with the social priorities of those days. Noteworthy is the author’s approach to the development of content and organizational forms, the methods of labor education and training of the students, implemented in the Bogdanivska secondary school of Znamyansk district in Kirovograd region. In the terms of knowledge as the dominant paradigm of education Ivan Tkachenko successfully embodied the principles of labor education and personal development of the students: intellectual, aesthetic, physical. The teacher did not consider labor education of the students as an end in itself but as a way of formation of positive motivation to learning and creative use in everyday practice. Ivan Tkachenko developed the idea of social and professional component of teaching and education of the students that was based on an understanding of transfer to the youth the essence of social culture. In the period of modernization of activity of secondary school innovative idea to integrate knowledge from natural subjects and agricultural production, the use of science and technology and science knowledge in production processes is relevant. The elements of pedagogical innovation of humanistic orientation are developing training methods, improving the structure and organizational learning and education implemented by the teachers in school practice. The significant innovative achievements have been implemented not only in practice of Bogdanivska secondary school, but also in other comprehensive schools of Ukraine, especially in Sahnivska secondary school of Korsun-Shevchenkivskiy district of Cherkasy region, Novopokrovska boarding school of Solonyanskiy district of Dnipropetrovsk region and others. The article singles out the importance of pedagogical innovation of the second half of the twentieth century and the ideas that are in unison for the modern development of Ukrainian school system.
UK
У статті визначено сутність понять «професії», «трудове виховання», та педагогічні засади процесу формування уявлень у дошкільників, проведено аналіз сутності та змісту педагогічної роботи з формування уявлень про професії у дітей дошкільного віку в умовах закладу дошкільної освіти. За опрацюванням вітчизняних та сучасних джерел доведено, що формування уявлень дошкільників про професії відбувається за умови організації гри, сучасних форм та методів організації освітнього процесу у закладі дошкільної освіти, залученням сім’ї до формування знань та досвіду вихованців про різні професії. Наведено аргументи та наукові докази теорії, що трудове виховання є складовою дошкільної освіти й елементом ознайомлення дошкільників із працею, що сприяє ефективному формуванню уявлень дошкільників про професії. Стаття висвітлює завдання трудового виховання та ознайомлення дошкільників із професіями, працею дорослих. Розв’язання поставлених завдань є ефективним лише за тієї умови, що формування уявлень про професії буде здійснюватися з перших років життя дитини. У процесі розкриття змісту трудового виховання як елементу процесу ознайомлення дошкільників із професіями враховано два аспекти: засвоєння знань, трансформацію знань у ставлення. Зазначено, що у дошкільному віці у дитини проявляється схильність до якого-небудь заняття, і, ця схильність, в майбутньому, може перейти в професійну діяльність, тому у закладі дошкільної освіти необхідно проводити профорієнтаційну роботу на заняттях, розвагах, інших формах організації діяльності дошкільників та у повсякденному житті. Передумовою становлення дитини як професіонала є формування у дошкільників самостійності. Доведено, що в умовах сьогодення потрібно формувати у дітей дошкільного віку знання про сучасні професії, що є проблемою освіти оскільки діти переважно мають знання про професії батьків та інших членів родини. У процесі формування уявлень дошкільників про професії важливо відходити від застарілих форм та методів роботи, використовувати діяльнісний підхід, підхід «навчання через гру», а педагоги які йдуть працювати з дітьми мають проходити перенавчання, удосконалювати свою роботу враховуючи особливості сучасних дітей. Для ефективного засвоєння знань про професії педагог має впроваджувати нові інноваційні технології дошкільної освіти, бути партнером для дитини, консультантом, допомагати вихованцю зрозуміти навколишній світ.
EN
The article defines the essence of the concepts of «profession », «labor education», and pedagogical principles of the process of forming ideas in preschoolers, analyzes the essence and content of pedagogical work on the formation of ideas about professions in preschool children in preschool education. According to domestic and modern sources, it is proved that the formation of preschoolers’ ideas about professions is based on the organization of games, modern forms and methods of organizing the educational process in preschool education, family involvement in the formation of knowledge and experience of different professions. Arguments and scientific evidence of the theory that labor education is a component of preschool education and an element of acquaintance of preschoolers with work, which contributes to the effective formation of preschoolers’ ideas about the profession. The article covers the tasks of labor education and acquaintance of preschoolers with professions, work of adults. The solution of the set tasks is effective only on the condition that the formation of ideas about the profession will be carried out from the first years of the child’s life. In the process of revealing the content of labor education as an element of the process of acquainting preschoolers with professions, two aspects are taken into account: the acquisition of knowledge, the transformation of knowledge into attitudes. It is noted that in preschool the child shows a tendency to any occupation, and this tendency in the future may turn into professional activities, so in preschool education it is necessary to conduct career guidance work in classes, entertainment, other forms of preschool activities and in everyday life. The prerequisite for becoming a child as a professional is the formation of independence in preschoolers. It is proved that in today’s conditions it is necessary to form in preschool children knowledge about modern professions, which is a problem of education because children mostly have knowledge about the professions of parents and other family members. In the process of forming preschoolers’ ideas about professions, it is important to move away from outdated forms and methods of work, use the activity approach, the approach of «learning through play», and teachers who go to work with children should be retrained, improve their work taking into account modern children. In order to effectively acquire knowledge about the profession, the teacher must implement new innovative technologies of preschool education, be a partner for the child, a consultant, help the student to understand the world around him.
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