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Социальные и экономические эффекты трудовых миграций поляков в Германскую империю в конце XIX – начале XX века

100%
Zhitin R., Topiliskiy A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2018
|
vol. 1
21-29
EN
The article focuses on the problem of labor migrations of the peasant population of Vistula Land of Russia to the German Empire at the turn of the XIX and ХХ century. The subject of the study are the causes of migration, the situation of Polish workers abroad, the specifics and main spheres of hiring workers, the social and economic effects of the movement. The urgency of the work is determined by inadequate historiographic attention to the factor of the annual retreat of tens of thousands of Poles abroad. The article uses the civilizational approach, the principle of historicism, the ideas of the French school “Annals”. The conclusions obtained by the authors of the article testify to the special significance of migrations not only for the inhabitants of the Polish province, but also for the entire German landlord economy. Migration compensated for the labor shortage in Germany’s agrarian sector, ensuring rapid growth in production in the states. The experience of migration stimulated the economic initiative of Poles, increased their standard of living, affected the size of peasant land ownership in the Vistula Land.
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Eurasian Economic Union: Integration Organization or Tool for Russian Regional Hegemony? The Case of Participation of the Kyrgyz Republic in the EAEU since 2015

59%
Nicharapova J.
Świat Idei i Polityki
|
2020
|
issue 19
122-146
PL
W tym artykule użyto przykładu Republicki Kirgiskiej dla analizy dwóch konkurencyjnych perspektyw na rolę Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej (EUG). Perspektywa realistów utrzymuje, że EUG jest narzędziem rosyjskiej hegemonii w regionie i jest raczej narzędziem politycznym niż gospodarczym, stworzonym, aby służyć rosyjskim interesom narodowym kosztem pozostałych członków EUG. Perspektywa instytucjonalizmu liberalnego, ukazuje sprawę odwrotnie, postrzega EUG jako regionalną organizację integracji gospodarczej, która jest korzystna dla wszystkich członków. Analizując przypadek kirgiski, jasne staje się, że jest zbyt wcześnie, żeby określić, która z dwóch wymienionych perspektyw jest prawidłowa, jako że dane wskazują obecnie na prawidłowość tych dwóch podejść.
EN
This paper uses the case of Kyrgyz Republic to analyze two competing views concerning the role of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The realist view claims that the EAEU is a tool of Russian hegemonic power over its region of infl uence and interprets is as a primarily political rather than economic organization designed to serve Russia’s national interests at the expense of those of other members. The liberal institutionalist view, on the other hand, sees the EAEU as a new regional organization of economic integration that is benefi cial for all members. Analyzing the case of the participation of the Kyrgyz Republic in this union makes it clear that it is still too early to determine which perspective is correct as there is evidence in support of both.
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