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ACCURACY OF THE SOIL SEALING ENHANCEMENT PRODUCT FOR POLAND

100%
Krówczyńska M., Soszyńska A., Pabjanek P., Wilk E., Hurbanek P., Rosina K.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2016
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vol. 35
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issue 3
89-95
EN
Increasing urbanization results in constant enlarging of the artificial area closed to water infiltration. In 2006–2008, the Soil Sealing Enhancement (SSE) database was the part of the GMES Fast Track Service on Land Monitoring. The accuracy of the final product set by the authors should reach at least 85%. Orthorectified high resolution aerial photos of Poland were used to develop reference data constituting 20,000 random samples around the country. In each sample, the points were classified into three possible surface classes: natural, artificial and semi-sealed. Comparison of reference data to original project statistics revealed the values of accuracy, commission and omission errors in the SSE dataset. Although, SSE accuracy in Poland fulfils the criteria set by SSE authors with overall accuracy of 99.5%, the individual analysis for each category reveals many weaknesses. Preliminary interpretation of mistakes leads to the conclusion that the spatial resolution of pictures used in the SSE project is insufficient. In several cases, validation proved that omission errors were made in relation to construction sites or recently constructed buildings. It should be stated that the accuracy of SSE product for Poland should be treated as the maximum value of impervious surfaces.
2
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Multi-temporal analysis of vegetation reflectance using MERIS data in the Czech Republic

88%
Štych P., Malíková L., Kříž J., Holman L.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 2
30-34
EN
Accurate high temporal resolution data is a very important source of information for understanding processes in the landscape. High temporal and spectral resolution data enable the monitoring of dynamic landscape processes. For this reason, since 2008 a receiving station for Metosat, NOAA and Envisat data has been installed at the Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Cartography, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The aim of this study is to analyse the spectral characteristics of vegetation using MERIS data in the Czech Republic. Spectral characteristics of vegetation were examined both by analysing changes in reflectivity as well as by utilising vegetation indices. Vegetation in forests and agricultural land was evaluated. The results present the spectral characteristics of selected associations of vegetation based on MERIS data and a discussion of the methods of multitemporal classification of land cover.
3
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Analiza zmian pokrycia terenu wokół autostrad za pomocą metod GIS

75%
Lechowski Ł., Łódzki U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
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2013
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issue 14
PL
W celu określenia klas pokrycia terenów sąsiadujących z autostradą A2 na odcinku Emilia–Stryków w latach 1996–2009 zastosowano metodę interpretacji wizualnej serii ortofotomap następujących po sobie czasowo, wykorzystując narzędzia GIS oraz zmodyfikowaną klasyfikację pokrycia terenu Topograficznej Bazy Danych. Przedstawiono następnie schemat pozwalający porównać zwektoryzowane klasy pokrycia terenu w uję- ciu dynamicznym. W celu analizy zmian pokrycia przedmiotowego obszaru zastosowano metodę GIS rozkładu gęstości zmian z wykorzystaniem nieparametrycznych estymatorów jądrowych kernel function.
EN
This article aims to develop a method of acquiring land cover changes data on the basis of high resolution orthophotography derived from Polish cartographic resources. The assessment of information sources was also examined in terms of its utility in such analysis. Simultaneously, using selected example, it was outlined, how the surrounding the A2 motorway area in the Stryków community had changed between the years 1996 and 2009. Some methods and tools applied in geoprocessing and spatial analyses were also presented. Many scientific publications describe data acquiring methods based on aerial photography and ortophotomaps that can be used in land cover and land use analyses. These methods may be divided into manual (visual), semi-automatic and automatic interpretation methods (e.g. raster, hybrid, object methods). In this survey the manual interpretation method was applied due to the input data accessibility e.g. ortophotomaps that were made only in the visible light spectrum with different tone colors and contrasts for each year (1996, 2004, 2009). This research involved following steps: (1) projecting of geodatabase structure, (2) visual interpretation of ortophotomaps in order to create land cover maps for 1996, 2004 and 2009, (3) delimitation of land cover changes, (4) survey results analysis with kernel density tool in order to present the density and direction of land cover changes in the neighbourhood of A2 motorway. The research indicated the straight majority of area surveyed in the years 1997–2009, was covered by gramineous vegetation and crops. However, the percentage of this class was decreasing systematically during those years. There was also remarkable increase for industrial and built-up areas. In the neighbourhood of A2 motorway in Stryków community, the growth of woodlands, wooded and shrubs area class was also noticed. For the building A2 motorway purposes there were created new gravel-pits and excavations of sand nearby the road. That is why for the area surveyed the percentage of greenfields was larger in 2009 than in 1996.
4
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The Influence of Land Cover on the Spatial Distribution of Fire Sites: A Case Study of Łódzkie Voivodeship, Poland

75%
Mordwa S., Ostrowska M.
European Spatial Research and Policy
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2020
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vol. 27
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issue 2
171-197
PL
The paper continues from previous joint studies and their practical application at the confluence of human geography, safety-related research and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of the study was to identify the land cover types most at risk from fire. The study contributes an original angle by taking into account various land cover types with a potential influence on the distribution of fires geocoded at the address level. The analysis takes into account 27,651 fire interventions, as recorded by the Polish State Fire Service between 2014 and 2016 in the country’s central region known as Łódzkie Voivodeship. The main methods employed include various GIS tools, including Voronoi tessellation (to identify the areas most at risk of fire) and the fire location quotient (FLQ, a measure of colocation between the number of fires and land cover). The most important conclusion is that of all the land cover types considered in the study, the built-up area type, especially the multi-family residential and retail and service area subtypes, was virtually the only one with a strong influence on the location of fires. The fire high-risk areas (FH-RA) identified here were primarily limited to urban areas.
EN
The paper continues from previous joint studies and their practical application at the confluence of human geography, safety-related research and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of the study was to identify the land cover types most at risk from fire. The study has contributed an original angle by taking into account various land cover types with a potential influence on the distribution of fires geocoded at the address level. The analysis considered 27,651 fire interventions, as recorded by the Polish State Fire Service between 2014 and 2016 in the country’s central region known as Łódzkie Voivodeship. The main methods employed include various GIS tools, including Voronoi tessellation (to identify the areas most at risk of fire) and the fire location quotient (FLQ, a measure of the colocation between the number of fires and land cover). The most important conclusion is that of all the land cover types considered in the study, the built-up area type, especially the multi-family residential and retail and service area subtypes, was virtually the only one with a strong influence on the location of fires. The fire high-risk areas (FH-RA) identified here were primarily limited to urban areas.
5

Land-Use Planning and Satellite Imagery Used for Green Areas Protection – Case Study of the City of Łódź, Poland

75%
Feltynowski M.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 2
128-143
EN
The article presents the issues of spatial planning on the case study of Łódź. Of significance in Łódź are its outer peripheries, which due to their natural value have become areas that must be protected and monitored in order to limit the anthropogenic impact. Protection of these areas may be carried out through the usage of instruments such as local land-use plans which help to limit the green field development phenomenon and to look after the biologically active surfaces within the borders of the city. The second step which may concern the areas with local land-use plans, as well as those without current local land-use plans, is monitoring. Such monitoring may be carried out through the analyses of satellite imagery of the city area. Such activities are a kind of low-budget enterprises which bring many benefits at a very small cost resulting from the purchase of satellite imagery. From the perspective of the authorities, a crucial fact is that the material collected during the analyses of the satellite imagery may be used in the initial phase of the planning process as an element of the inventory of areas designated for the development of land-use plans.
6
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Vliv industrializace na změnu krajiny ostravsko-karvinského revíru. Příklad Slezské Ostravy a její proměny v 19. a 20. století

75%
Popelka P., Popelková R., Mulková M.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1
49-84
EN
Slezská (prior 1919 called Polská) Ostrava is linked with the beginnings of coal mining in Ostrava region, which began as early as the last quarter of the 18th century. Mining activities caused the first damages to the building development around the mid-19th century and the increased mining output began to affect land use as well. These trends intensified in the 20th century. This case study analyzes the effect of the industrialization process on the landscape of the western part of the Ostrava-Karviná mining district; it is a part of a larger project, focused on the historical development of landscape in the Ostrava- Karviná mining district in the 19th and 20th centuries.
7

Mapování sekundární krajinné struktury pro potřeby územního a krajinného plánování

71%
Lacina D., Flekalová M.
Urbanismus a územní rozvoj
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2016
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issue 1
4-13
EN
The landscape is functional at three levels (structures): primary, secondary and tertiary. The current state of the landscape is represented by its secondary structure, both in terms of land use and land cover. The aims of our work were to develop a suitable method of depiction of the current state of landscape in regard to natural values, which can be used for the purpose of spatial and/or landscape planning, and to verify this method in the model territory of Vlčnov-Veletiny. Experience with other methods of landscape mapping was used as well. The outcome of the study is a proposal of ten categories of land cover. These categories are further segmented in sub-categories so that existing documents on biotope mapping can be used with the technology of geographic information systems.
CS
Krajina je funkční ve třech úrovních (strukturách) – primární, sekundární a terciární. Aktuální stav krajiny je reprezentován její sekundární strukturou, ať se jedná o využití území (land use) nebo o krajinný pokryv (land cover). Cílem práce je vytvoření vhodné metody zachycení aktuálního stavu krajiny s ohledem na přírodní hodnoty v území (pro účely územního anebo krajinného plánování) a její ověření v modelovém území Vlčnov-Veletiny. K tomu bylo využito zkušeností s jinými metodami mapování krajiny. Výsledkem je návrh 10 kategorií krajinného pokryvu, které jsou dále členěny na další podkategorie tak, aby bylo možno využít některých existujících podkladových materiálů (mapování biotopů) při použití technologie geografických informačních systémů (celoplošné polygonové zpracování dat).
8
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Differentiation between forms of urban development using the object-oriented classification method with Central Warsaw as the example

63%
Zaremski K., Szmajda D.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2006
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vol. 12
315-327
EN
The aim of the paper is to present automated methods of discrimination of urban development forms using object-oriented classification in high-resolution images taken by the Ikonos satellite. The object-oriented classification makes possible to describe individual classes using not only the spectral reflection values but also the shapes, textures and topology of objects. The classification process as such is based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The research covered an area of 25 km,., situated in central Warsaw. As a result of object-oriented classification, five classes of development typical of large cities were distinguished and described.
9
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Zagospodarowanie terenów zagrożonych powodziami w Uniejowie

63%
Borowska-Stefańska M.
Biuletyn Uniejowski
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2015
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vol. 4
131-142
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano ocenę zagospodarowania terenów zagrożonych powodziami w Uniejowie, odnośnie do potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji dla środowiska przyrodniczego, dziedzictwa kulturowego, działalności gospodarczej i ludzi. Badaniu pod względem zagospodarowania podlegał obszar szczególnego zagrożenia powodziami w Uniejowie. Zagospodarowanie przeanalizowano przy wykorzystaniu Topograficznej Bazy Danych oraz inwentaryzacji terenowej. Następnie za pomocą narzędzi GIS przedstawiono zarówno zagospodarowanie, jak i jego ocenę. Z oceną zagospodarowania obszarów szczególnego zagrożenia powodziami związane jest pojęcie ryzyka powodziowego, które oznacza kombinację prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia powodzi i związanych z nią potencjalnych negatywnych konsekwencji dla zdrowia ludzkiego, środowiska, dziedzictwa kulturowego oraz działalności gospodarczej. Do oceny ryzyka powodziowego posłużyła metoda bonitacji punktowej, gdzie polem oceny był heksagon.
EN
The aim of this work is to assess land use on flood hazard areas in Uniejów in respect of potential negative consequences for the environment, cultural heritage, economic activity and people. The area examined is a flood hazard zone where flood risk is 1% (medium level). The land use was analysed using the topographic database and land inventory. The assessment of land use on the areas exposed to floods is related to the concept of flood risk, which means the combination of the likelihood of flooding and related potential negative consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. Land use on the areas exposed to floods in Uniejów was found to be correct because open spaces dominate, allowing the flow of flood waters
10
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Zmiany pokrycia terenu w polskich Karpatach na przełomie XX i XXI w. a poziom rozwoju lokalnego

63%
Dorocki S., Kroczak R., Bryndal T.
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
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2019
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vol. 15
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issue 1. Rola przedsiębiorczości w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym
214-229
PL
W niniejszym artykule ukazano zależności pomiędzy zmianami pokrycia terenu a poziomem rozwoju lokalnego w polskich Karpatach. Badania prowadzono w jednostkach administracyjnych (miasta i wsie). Zmiany w pokryciu terenu analizowano na podstawie danych z bazy Corine Land Cover z lat 1990–2012, korzystając z autorskiego wskaźnika: zmian struktury pokrycia terenu (LC). Poziomu rozwoju lokalnego określono na podstawie danych statystycznych pochodzących z bazy danych lokalnych GUS (gęstość zaludnienia, wielkość budownictwa mieszkaniowego oraz liczba podmiotów gospodarczych). Na ich podstawie obliczono syntetyczny wskaźnik rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego (LD). W celu określenia zależności pomiędzy zmianami pokrycia terenu a poziomem rozwoju lokalnego wykorzystano modele mieszane (mixed model). W pierwszym modelu za wartość y(LD) przyjęto obliczony indeks lokalnego rozwoju. W drugim modelu za wartość y(LC) przyjęto zmiany struktury pokrycia terenu. W pierwszym modelu jako zmienne wykorzystano wskaźniki obrazujące rozwój lokalny w 2011 r. W drugim modelu zmiennymi były wielkości zmiany udziału pokrycia terenu w latach 1990–2012 w poszczególnych klasach. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały wzrost udziału obszarów o luźnej zabudowie, co świadczy o procesach suburbanizacji oraz naporze inwestycyjnym – głównie na obszarach podmiejskich i atrakcyjnych turystycznie. Znaczące zmiany pokrycia terenu zidentyfikowane w obszarach atrakcyjnych turystycznie były związane z rozwojem infrastruktury turystycznej oraz zanikiem funkcji rolniczych tych miejscowości.
EN
In the paper the relations between land cover changes and the level of local development in the Polish Carpathians were analysed. The analyses were carried out based on administrative units (towns and villages) and data of land cover from 1990–2012 were used. In order to detect the dominant land cover changes in the period analysed, the land cover change indicator (LC) was developed. In order to rate the level of local development, local statistical data, collected by the Central Statistical Office in Poland database were used. On the basis of the data, a synthetic indicator of socio-economic development (LD) was calculated. To calculate the indicator, the following were used: population density, the number of newly built flats/houses, and the number of business companies. In order to build a model that would show the relations between the local development and changes in land cover, a mixed model was constructed. Two options were checked in the analysis. In the first model, the value of y(LD) was assumed by the calculated indicator of local development. In the second model, y(LC) value was described by calculating the land cover changes indicator. In the first case, indicators showing local development in 2011 were used as variables. In the second case, the variables were the changes of the land cover (1990–2012) in each of the classes. The analyses carried out show an increase in the share of discontinuous urban areas, which indicates suburbanisation processes and local developers (investment) pressure – mainly in suburban and areas attractive for tourist. Significant changes in land cover, identified in the areas attractive for tourists, were related to the development of tourist infrastructure and the disappearance of agricultural functions.
11
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Zróżnicowanie pokrycia terenu i cech geometrycznych działek wzdłuż autostrad oraz dróg ekspresowych w Polsce

51%
Borowska-Stefańska M., Wiśniewski S.
Space – Society – Economy
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2018
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issue 23
95-110
EN
The aim of this work is both to assess differentiation of geometric features of parcels in the immediate neighbourhood of motorways and expressways in Poland (as divided into provinces) as well as to analyze their land cover. In order to achieve this, the authors used data on parcels from the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) as well as information on land cover from the Database of Topographic Objects (obtained from the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography). It was concluded that there is a correlation not only between the existence of motorways and expressways and the land cover along them but also between geometric features of parcels. In those cases when motorway interchanges are located in the vicinity of big cities as it is exemplified, for instance, by the province of Silesia, Mazovia or even Łódź, there is an increase in development intensity in their vicinity. Besides that, parcels tend to be smaller on those areas where the density of motorways and expressways is the greatest.
PL
Celem pracy jest ocena zróżnicowania cech geometrycznych działek bezpośrednio sąsiadujących z autostradami i drogami ekspresowymi w Polsce (z podziałem na województwa) oraz analiza ich pokrycia terenu. Dla jego realizacji wykorzystano dane o działkach pochodzące z systemu LPIS (System Identyfikacji Działek Rolnych) oraz informacje o pokryciu terenu pozyskane z Bazy Danych Obiektów Topograficznych (pozyskane z Centralnego Ośrodka Dokumentacji Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej). Stwierdzono, że występuje zależność nie tylko pomiędzy istnieniem autostrad oraz dróg ekspresowych a sposobem pokrycia terenu wzdłuż nich, ale również pomiędzy cechami geometrycznymi działek. W przypadku, gdy węzły autostradowe znajdują się w pobliżu dużych miast – przykład województwa śląskiego, mazowieckiego czy nawet łódzkiego, wzrasta intensywność zabudowy w ich pobliżu. Ponadto w obszarach, w których istnieje największa gęstość autostrad oraz dróg ekspresowych, działki są zazwyczaj mniejsze.
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