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PL
W opracowaniu podjęto próbę wyznaczenia i oceny różnic w wydajności ziemi w towarowych gospodarstwach rolniczych uczestniczących w polskim FADN. Zróżnicowanie rolnictwa polskiego w zakresie wydajności ziemi oceniono w czterech regionach FADN wg typów rolniczych. Analizy wskazują na wysokie zróżnicowanie wydajności ziemi w różnych typach produkcyjnych i regionach.
EN
Commercial farms in Poland reveal a considerable diversification of land productivity. The diversification occurs between the production types of farms and FADN regions, and therefore also among farms of the same type localized in different regions. Concerning the whole country, the highest land productivity characterizes horticultural farms, whereas the lowest productivity, depending on the region has been registered on farms specializing in field crops or on farms without any specialization In the regional approach, indicators of farm productivity apparently point to a predominance of farms from the Malopolska and Upplands regions, whereas the lowest productivity characterizes the Pomerania and Mazury regions. Combining the results of productivity according to types and regions allows for a conclusion that the highest land productivity characterizes small area horticultural farms in the Wielkopolska and Silesia regions, as well as in the Malopolska and Upplands regions. On the other hand, the lowest productivity was obtained by the largest area farms specializing in traditional field crops in the Pomerania and Mazury Regions.
EN
Aim of the study is to identify, among the EU-15, countries whose agricultural sector is the most competitive in comparison with Polish, and comparing the use of labor and land factor, to indicate the desired path of evolution of production factors structures in Poland. In the study Eurostat data collected in the Farm Structure Survey has been used. Using a statistical analysis of the production structure, Germany, France and Denmark were selected, for comparison with the Polish. Comparative analysis of the concentration of production factors, carried out by Lorenz curves and positional measures of central tendency, leads to the conclusion that within the agrarian structure exist small relative divergence, larger in absolute terms. This means that the agrarian structure in Poland is a representation of the structures of compared countries in correspondingly smaller scale. Much larger discrepancies occur in the case of labor factor, which leads to the much smaller labor productivity in Poland than in compared countries.
PL
Cel badania stanowi wskazanie wśród krajów UE-15 państw, których sektor rolny jest najbardziej konkurencyjny względem rolnictwa polskiego oraz porównanie sposobu wykorzystania czynników pracy i ziemi dla wskazania pożądanej ścieżki ewolucji struktur czynników wytwórczych w Polsce. W badaniu wykorzystano dane Eurostat pozyskane w ramach Badania Struktury Gospodarstw Rolnych. Za pomocą statystycznej analizy struktury produkcyjnej, do porównań z Polską wytypowano Niemcy, Francję i Danię. Analiza porównawcza koncentracji czynników wytwórczych, przeprowadzona za pomocą krzywych Lorenza i pozycyjnych miar średnich prowadzi do wniosków, że w obrębie struktury agrarnej występuje relatywnie niewielka rozbieżność względną, przy zdecydowanie większej bezwzględnej. Oznacza to, że struktura agrarna Polski stanowi odwzorowanie struktur porównywanych państw w odpowiednio mniejszej skali. Dużo większe rozbieżności występują w przypadku czynnika pracy, co rzutuje również na jego dużo mniejszą produktywność w Polsce niż w porównywanych państwach.
XX
In line with the “Condition of organic farming in Poland. The report 2013- -2014”, issued by the Main Inspectorate of the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection (www.ijhar-s.gov.pl), production solely under the organic system was carried out at that time by 67% and 60% of organic farms, respectively. The remaining share are entities producing under both organic and conventional methods. According to research, held under the Polish FADN, these farms are highly varied in organisational, production and economic terms. Farms using solely organic methods are distinguished by more holistic approach to executed farming activities, they are also more reliable as regards the quality of manufactured organic food, but they achieve poorer economic results. This is evidenced in the following paper discussing the organisation, production and economic results of such farms grouped according to the size of UAA. Research proved that their production effects over a few years were fairly similar and dropped along with an increase in the area of farms but, at the same time, production intensity dropped. Very poor soil quality also constrained production. The analysis showed that these farms are weak in terms of production and economy, highly dependent on subsidies and rather unlikely to develop in the coming years.
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