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Zapiski Historyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 1
91-106
EN
The paper discusses a scheme for a landing operation in the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal area (German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal, from 1948 the Nord-Ostsee-Kanal, the Kiel Canal in international terminology), whose aim was to capture and destroy the Germanbuilt transportation route that connected the Baltic Sea with the North Sea. The canal bore a strategic importance after the outbreak of World War I, as the German navy had to operate both in the North Sea against its main adversary, the British fleet, and to ensure Germany’s strategic control in the Baltic. The scheme, which has received little attention in literature to date, was developed after the outbreak of World War I, in the autumn of 1914, by Captain 2nd Rank (Commander) Alexander Bubnov, an officer in the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Russian Army, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich. The article proposes an analysis of the assumptions of Bubnov’s scheme, the question of who it was inspired by, and discusses the reasons why the scheme was not implemented, also in the context of the cooperation between the Allies (Russia and Great Britain) at the beginning of the war.
EN
The article discusses the issues connected with the landing operations carried out by the medical service of the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade during the „Market-Garden” operation. The author presented the process of planning the landing of medical service, the problems of preparing the soldiers to jump and to land in gliders, as well as an outline of how the gliders and planes transporting medical service units were loaded. He gave a considerable amount of attention to the landing itself, performed on the 19th September 1944 in the area of Wolfheze on the north bank of the Rhine (gliders) and 21st September 1944 (paratroopers), and to the work of the medical service in the landing zones. The subject of the improvised landing near Grave, performed by these units of the 1st IPB that had not managed to jump with the main forces near Driel, was brought up too.
RU
Статья посвящена проблематике десантных действий, проводимых службой здравоохранения 1 самостоятельной польской парашютной бригады в рамках голландской операции „Маркет Гарден”. Автор описал в ней процесс планирования десанта службы здравоохранения, проблемы подготовки солдат к прыжку и приземлению в планере, а также представил схему загрузки некоторых десантных планеров и самолетов, перевозящих отделения службы здравоохранения. Отдельное место в статье отведено самому десанту, выполненному 19 сентября 1944 г. в районе Вольфхезе на северном берегу Рейна (планерный десант) и 21 сентября 1944 г. под Дрилем (парашютный десант), а также работе службам здравоохранения в зоне приземления. В статье затрагивается также тема импровизированного десанта под Граве тех частей 1 польской парашютной бригады, которые не смогли выполнить прыжок вместе с главными силами под Дрилем.
PL
W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z działaniami desantowymi prowadzonymi przez służbę zdrowia 1 Samodzielnej Brygady Spadochronowej (1 SBS) w ramach operacji „Market-Garden”. Autor przedstawił w nim proces planowania desantu służby zdrowia, problematykę przygotowania żołnierzy do skoku i lądowania w szybowcach oraz zaprezentował schemat załadowania poszczególnych szybowców desantowych oraz samolotów transportujących pododdziały służby zdrowia. Sporo miejsca poświęcił samemu desantowi wykonanemu 19 września 1944 r. w rejonie Wolfheze na północnym brzegu Renu (rzut szybowcowy) i 21 września 1944 r. pod Driel (rzut spadochronowy) oraz pracy służby zdrowia w strefach lądowania. W artykule poruszono także temat improwizowanego desantu pod Grave tych elementów 1 SBS, które nie zdołały wykonać skoku wraz z siłami głównymi pod Driel.
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