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WPŁYW ORZECZEŃ TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO NA POSTĘPOWANIA ADMINISTRACYJNE

100%
Muzyczka K.
Civitas et Lex
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2017
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issue 4(16)
7-20
EN
This paper presents an analysis of the influence of judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal on ongoing administrative proceedings. The article discusses the issue that raises the most controversy in both the jurisprudence and the scholars, which is the delay in time by the CT of the loss of binding force by an unconstitutional provision in court-administrative proceedings.
2
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The The red (un)rule of law. The issue of human rights violations in the military justice system of 'People's' Poland. The case of military district courts (1946-1955)

100%
Pleskot P.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2021
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vol. 19
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issue 3
96-109
EN
The network of Military District Courts, which encircled 'People's' Poland in the first post-war decade, was a fundamental tool for installing communist power and building a new 'worker-peasant' system for the party and state decision-makers. Courts served primarily to crack down on political opposition and (declining) armed resistance. Despite their theoretically military nature, the WSRs sentenced mainly civilians, and the reasons for sentences lay in political and ideological calculation rather than in real, objective crimes. In this sense, the WSR should be regarded as a clear manifestation and symbol of the lawlessness of the 'people's' justice system, infringing fundamental human rights.
3
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Dobrowolność w badaniach psychologicznych

100%
Stepulak M. Z.
Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy
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2022
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issue 1
39-51
EN
A specific problem in the work of a psychologist is caring for the voluntary participation of patients and clients in research. The first part of the article presents and scientifically analyzed the term "voluntary". The concept in opposition to voluntariness is arbitrariness. An arbitrary person is characterized by an optional attitude. Voluntariness, in turn, is an attitude of active participation in one's own life and the surrounding reality. The second part of the article deals with the issue of voluntariness in psychological research. The psychologist must obtain an informed and voluntary decision by the patient regarding his or her participation in the research. The examined person has the right to withdraw from the research at any time. People addicted to alcohol and drugs constitute a specific research group. In the third part of the article, attention was paid to voluntary research of students and children. A special place and significance is played by voluntary activity in research conducted by an academic psychologist on their own students. Voluntariness in children involves not only the cognitive but also the emotional sphere. Therefore, the psychologist must first obtain the child's parents' written consent to participate in the research.
4
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Przejmowanie wyznaniowych fundacji dobroczynnych w PRL przed wejściem w życie dekretu z dnia 24 kwietnia 1952 roku o zniesieniu fundacji

81%
Szymański A.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2017
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vol. 15
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issue 2
213-226
PL
This article analyses, in terms of the legal aspect, the process of dissolution of selected religious foundations before the decree of 24th April 1952 concerning the elimination of those foundations entered into life. The author bases his arguments on the analysis of concrete cases, whose descriptions were found during his archival research.
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Geneza odpowiedzialności państwa za bezprawie legislacyjne

75%
Lewandowska M.
Studia Prawnicze
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2015
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issue 2 (202)
65-81
EN
Indemnification of state for legislator’s actions is a special, far-reaching kind of responsibility according to which, the state is responsible for actions of public authority. But we must remember that the responsibility of the state for the actions of public authority is not unitary, but carried out in the framework of several complementary compensation bodies. There is also no doubt, as shown in the description, that the responsibility of the state for legislature is a legal and natural consequence, having its roots in antiquity /Greece, Rome/. Regardless of its evolution, the accepted thesis that this responsibility is an emanation of liability rules in force at the stage of development of the natural law – is, in my opinion, true. This, in turn, fills with the huge optimism because the principle on the basis of which arose this law – namely – that compensation is payable to the victim from the perpetrator of the damage – despite thousands of years of evolution is still in force although in a modified form. The idea of righteous law, therefore, serving the elimination of lawlessness, continuously evaluates.
6
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Rodzina staropolska wobec zagrożenia przemocą i bezprawiem

72%
Ryś J.
Wychowanie w Rodzinie
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2016
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vol. XIV
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issue (2/2016)
87-101
EN
Old Polish family was threatened with violence and lawlessness on a scale unimaginable to modern man. On the one hand, these threats were the result of constant wars that carried conflagration, looting and the specter of slavery. On the other hand, specific understanding of justice by the nobility and assertion of their rights using military measures against their neighbors were the reason the wars were sometimes more violent and onerous than armed conflict. Old Polish family was also destroyed from the inside, usually through violence from the father, who in a patriarchal model had unlimited power, which was often abused in cruel and ruthless way. The only remedy was the law, but Old Polish system of justice lacked effective enforcement of the sentence, which gave the criminals a sense of impunity and the victims – despair and helplessness.
PL
odzina staropolska zagrożona była przemocą i bezprawiem na skalę niewyobrażalną dla współczesnego człowieka. Z jednej strony zagrożenia te były skutkiem nieustannie toczonych wojen, które niosły pożogę, grabieże i widmo niewoli. Z drugiej strony swoiste pojmowanie sprawiedliwości przez szlachtę i dochodzenie własnych racji na drodze zbrojnej, były powodem sąsiedzkich wojen, które czasami były bardziej brutalne i uciążliwe niż konflikty zbrojne. Rodzina staropolska niszczona była także od wewnątrz, najczęściej poprzez przemoc ze strony ojca, który w patriarchalnym modelu miał nieograniczoną władzę, której często nadużywał w sposób okrutny i bezwzględny. Jedynym środkiem zaradczym miało być prawo, jednak staropolski wymiar sprawiedliwości był pozbawiony skutecznej egzekucji wyroku, co dawało przestępcom poczucie bezkarności a poszkodowanym zwątpienie i bezradność.
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Istnienie obdarzonego wolnością. szkic z zakresu antropologii Fiodora Dostojewskiego

58%
Koprowski P.
Studia Rossica Gedanensia
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2017
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issue 4
221-226
RU
W artykule przedstawiono kilka refleksji na temat problemu wolności jednostki ludzkiej w myśli Fiodora Dostojewskiego (1821–1881). Świat nie jest, zdaniem rosyjskiego pisarza i myśliciela, do końca poznawalny i stąd człowiek szuka w sobie tego, czego nie może odnaleźć w tymże świecie. Szuka wolności i tego, co się z nią wiąże. Wolność ma w obrębie rzeczywistości stworzonej określone granice, lecz, kiedy otwiera się na Boga, staje się nieograniczona. Myśliciel podkreślał, że ludzką wolność należy oprzeć na fundamencie Chrystusa. Jeśli tak się nie dzieje, zamienia się ona w swoje przeciwieństwo, czyli w niewolę, staje się samowolą. Ta ostatnia zaś zawsze prowadzi do zła. Jednostka ludzka, która dobrowolnie i świadomie ulega złu, unicestwia samą siebie, wchodzi na drogę nicości, pustki i śmierci. Zawsze jednak może się ona na powrót „odzyskać”, przyjąć odpowiedzialność za złe czyny i podjąć pokutę.
EN
The article contains some reflections on the problem of freedom of the human individual in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s thought. According to the Russian writer and thinker, the world is not fully cognizable and therefore one searches in himself for the things one cannot find in this world. One searches for freedom and things related to it. Freedom has certain limits within the created reality, however when it opens to God, it becomes unrestricted. The Russian thinker emphasized that the human freedom should be based on the foundation of Christ. Otherwise, freedom becomes captivity, lawlessness. The latter always leads to evil. The human individual who voluntarily and consciously surrenders to evil, annihilates himself, begins the way to nothingness, emptiness and death. However, one can always “recover”, take responsibility for misdeeds and atone.
8
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Celebracja Mszy św. w wierności lex orandi Kościoła

58%
Matwiejuk K.
Roczniki Liturgiczno-Homiletyczne
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2011
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vol. 2
55-69
EN
Liturgy is a continuation of Christ’s salutary work. The Resurrected One actualizes it in the Church and through the Church. He wants to introduce man, especially through the holy sacraments, into the mystery of His passage through death to resurrection. His salutary presence in liturgical actions happens by the power of the Holy Spirit. The Second Vatican Council’s liturgical renovation has been directed at deepening the whole God’s People’s liturgical awareness of the fact that liturgy is a place and a way of experiencing Christ’s salutary presence. It also includes rites and liturgical books. Liturgical books contain norms that concern administering particular holy sacraments. Liturgical law guards the sacred character of liturgy. It has the obliging force. It does not allow voluntary actions. However, it gives the celebrant the possibility of creating certain elements within the Eucharist celebration. The actions should be taken in the spirit of the content of liturgical texts that are included in the missal.
9
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Legalizacja samowoli budowlanej a obowiązki inwestora w zakresie ochrony środowiska

51%
Chruściel M.
Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska
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2022
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issue 1/2022
1-16
EN
The aim of the article is an attempt to indicate the obligations of the investor in the procedure of legalization of lawlessness in construction and comparing them to the environmental protection regulations. The author analyzes the provisions of the construction law in the area of lawlessness in construction, focusing primarily on the changes in the procedure after the amendment of the law in 2021. He analyzes the requirements of the environmental protection provisions faced by the investor in the procedure of legalization of construction lawlessness, pointing to their high value for ensuring sustainable development.
RU
В статье сделана попытка обозначить обязанности инвестора в процедуре легализации самовольных построек и их соотнесение с положениями природоохранного законодательства. Автор анализирует строительное законодательство в сфере самовольных построек, в первую очередь акцентируя внимание на изменениях процедуры после внесения поправок в 2021 году. Он также анализирует требования природоохранных нормативных актов, предъявляемых к инвестору при процедуре легализации самовольных построек, указывая на их высокую ценность для обеспечения устойчивого развития.
IT
L’obiettivo dell’articolo è un tentativo di indicare gli obblighi dell’investitore nella procedura di legalizzazione della costruzione arbitraria e di metterli in relazione con le norme di protezione ambientale. L’autore analizza il diritto delle costruzioni nell’area del dolo edilizio, concentrandosi principalmente sui cambiamenti della procedura dopo la modifica del 2021. Analizza anche i requisiti dei regolamenti di protezione ambientale imposti all’investitore nella procedura di legalizzazione della volontà edilizia, sottolineando il loro alto valore per garantire lo sviluppo sostenibile.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba wskazania na obowiązki inwestora w procedurze legalizacji samowoli budowlanej i odniesienie ich do przepisów ochrony środowiska. Autor dokonuje analizy prawa budowlanego w obszarze samowoli budowlanej, skupiając się przede wszystkim na zmianach procedury po nowelizacji z 2021 r. Dokonuje również analizy wymogów przepisów ochrony środowiska stawianych przed inwestorem w procedurze legalizacji samowoli budowlanej, wskazując na ich wysoką wartość dla zapewnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju.
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