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Prawo
|
2015
|
issue 319
119 - 140
EN
There is no doubt that legal norms regulating the status of widows in guild law were universal and far from particular. As a rule, as seen in guild statutes, the rights of widows in the towns and cities of Wielkopolska were similar to those in Prudnik, Upper Silesia. Nevertheless, as the issue is analysed from the perspective of legal archaeology, it becomes possible to verify the application of statutory law in practice or the existence of customary law, and to examine the practice of everyday life of artisan guilds. When it comes to the town of Prudnik and the local artisan guilds, it has to be said that the 1668 guild chest kept in the Prudnik Museum definitely originated in the town and most likely belonged to the local bakers’ build. It was funded not only by members of the corporation, but also by widows, who had limited guild rights, in particular the right to run a business in their own right. As the most important provisions of the 1547 and 1555 statutes of the Prudnik bakers’ guild show, in the light of the 1668 guild chest, it has to be said that the legal status of widows was a significant exception to the exclusive nature of the guild. Moreover, there is no doubt that women could be members of the Prudnik bakers’ corporation.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 4
185-198
EN
This article aims to show the interrelation between the visual arts, ceremonials and journalistic opinion pieces in the political propaganda of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic during the reign of King Augustus III, using an example which was of vital importance for the public life of that time – the dispute over the entail of the Ostrogski estate. In the satirical Tragic-Comic Scene, the conclusion of the so-called Kolbuszowa Transaction, sanctioning the division of the estate’s entail, was presented as a parody of the courts then operating in the Republic. The illustrations for Piotr Hadziewicz’s dissertation Prawda obiaśniona… conveyed the message that the unity and order of the state must be based upon the observance of its laws, with the King being the guarantor of the legal order. The king established a special commission, known as the Dubno Commission, which was to assess the legal and factual status related to the division of the Ostrogski estate. The committee members strongly emphasised the legality of their actions. They adopted a ceremonial which was modelled on the ceremonies of the Crown Tribunal, an institution deeply rooted in the Polish legal system of that time. The main actors of the “new Tribunal in Dubno”, as Primate Adam Ignacy Komorowski described the Commission, made sure that a uniform message was sent out to the public: that of the harmonious work by the Commission to restore the legal order in the Republic. This message perfectly corresponded with the content of the illustrations and satire of that period.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wzajemnych relacji sztuk plastycznych, ceremoniału oraz publicystyki w propagandzie politycznej Rzeczypospolitej czasów Augusta III, na kluczowym dla ówczesnego życia publicznego przykładzie – sporze o ordynację ostrogską. W satyrycznej Scenie tragiczno-komicznej zawarcie tzw. transakcji kolbuszowskiej, sankcjonującej podział ordynacji, przedstawione zostało jako akt bezprawia – parodia sądów Rzeczypospolitej. Z przekazu zawartego w rycinach rozprawy Piotra Hadziewicza, Prawda obiaśniona… wynikało, że jedność i ład w państwie muszą być oparte na przestrzeganiu praw, czego gwarantem jest król. August III utworzył obradującą w Dubnie komisję, mającą ocenić zasadność podziału ordynacji. Jej członkowie, akcentując legalność działań, przyjęli porządek obrad wzorowany na ceremoniale Trybunału Koronnego, instytucji silnie zakorzenionej w ówczesnym polskim systemie prawnym. Główni aktorzy „Nowego w Dubnie Trybunału”, jak określił komisję prymas Adam Komorowski, dbali o jednolity dla opinii publicznej przekaz: zgodnej pracy dla odtworzenia ładu prawnego w Rzeczypospolitej, co doskonale korespondowało z treściami ówczesnej grafiki i satyry.
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