Search results - CEJSH

1

LOBBYING IN POLAND: SOME COMMENTS ON CURRENTLY BINDING LEGAL REGULATIONS

100%

Willa R.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2020

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issue 2

PL

One of the features of democracy is the constant battle for the protection or implementation of particular interests. This trend is inevitable and, according to many experts, also quite beneficial with regard to the efficiency of the functioning of the political system, as well as its social legitimization. Nevertheless, restrictions apply as there are as many ways of regulation, from a legal point of view, as there are countries in the world. Thus it ought to come as no surprise that lobbying exists in Poland, and in consequence we are observing attempts to establish a framework for it in legal terms. Some questions arise in this respect that require a serious response: what should be considered as lobbying? Is it actually legal in Poland? Does the legal framework allow for its controlling and monitoring? If, and possibly how, should such regulations influence the social reception of lobbying in Poland? These are but a few of the questions that this paper is aiming to provide answers to.

2

HAVE ANTI-CRISIS LEGAL REGULATIONS INHIBITED THE EXPANSION OF THE POLISH BANKING SECTOR?

94%

Szafarczyk A.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

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2019

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vol. 10(2)

65-73

EN

The article concerns the issue of assessing the effectiveness of anti-crisis legal regulations in the context of the functioning and development (including expansion) of the Polish banking sector. The analyzes carried out in the article are the result of many years of the author's own analyses and research and have practical and application value. banking system, legal regulations, countercyclical regulations, banking law Artykuł dotyczy kwestii oceny efektywności antykryzysowych regulacji prawnych w kontekście funkcjonowania i rozwoju (w tym ekspansji) polskiego sektora bankowego. Przeprowadzone w artykule analizy są efektem wieloletnich analiz i badań własnych Autora i mają walor praktyczny i aplikacyjny. system bankowy, regulacje prawne, regulacje antycykliczne, prawo bankowe

3

Principles of the Law-Enforcement Function of the State: Administrative and Legal Aspects

94%

Bespalova O.

Internal Security

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2013

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vol. 5(1)

215-224

EN

In the article we prove that the sphere of the implementation of law enforcement functions of the state is one of the most important areas that need proper administrative and legal regulation. Achievement of proper functioning of the law enforcement sphere is possible as a result of improvement of the implementation of law enforcement functions of the state by improving the efficiency of each of its components. The administrative and legal mechanism of the implementation of the law-enforcement functions of the state is defined as the totality of administrative and legal means, the use of which creates the conditions necessary for effective activity of the relevant executive authorities implementing law-enforcement functions of the state that, as a result, should lead to appropriate levels of safety and protection of fundamental rights of man and citizens, to a reduction in criminalization of society, and to improvement of public confidence in law-enforcement agencies. Establishment and functioning of effective administrative and legal mechanisms help ensure the proper implementation of law-enforcement functions of the state, implementation of effective influence on social relations that arise in the field of law enforcement, the establishment of effective interaction between the state and citizens, which is the accepted standard of public administration in all democratic countries. One of the key elements of administrative and legal mechanism in the implementation of law-enforcement functions of the state are the principles of the implementation of law-enforcement functions of the state, which establish the basic requirements of the relevant executive authorities in the sphere of the implementation of law-enforcement functions of the state. In defining the term “principles of law-enforcement functions of the state”, the main principles of law-enforcement functions of the state include the following: supremacy of law, the rule of law, the priority of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the equality of citizens before the law (prohibition of discrimination); prohibition of abuse of power, competence and professionalism, transparency and openness, mutual responsibility of the state and mankind. The content of the basic principles of law-enforcement functions of the state is presented. Compliance with the principles of law-enforcement functions of the state will increase the confidence of institutions of civil society to the executive authorities, increase the legal security of citizens and promote dialogue between society and government.

4

Instrumenty pochodne. Problemy definicyjne i klasyfikacyjne na gruncie wspólnotowych i polskich regulacji prawnych w zakresie obrotu instrumentami finansowymi

94%

Styn I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 862

155-166

EN

The author presents issues in defining derivatives in both community and Polish law brought about by the fast development of the market for these instruments and the Commission’s reluctance to take a universal approach to defining them, which would depend on a definition that included all the common characteristics of derivatives, resulting from their financial-economic specifics and not using a closed catalogue of derivatives or the underlying instruments. Such a policy may lead to problems with transposing EU law on the financial instruments market on member states, including Poland.

5

Instytucjonalno-prawne aspekty działalności SKOK

94%

Jurkowska A., Owsiak K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 862

5-26

EN

Because the Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions (SKOK) has grown so rapidly over the past decade, it now boasts a network of branches that is denser than the country’s largest national retail bank PKO BP SA. The wording of the act on SKOK enables it to carry out a range of operations that are normally the sole provenance of banks, while in the existing legal order credit unions are not subject to bank regulations or financial supervision. The aim of the article is to present the history of the development and evolution of the legal framework of SKOK in the light of global trends and to show the fundamental consequences of implementing the directive on payment services for the future place of this institution in the architecture of the Polish financial system.

6

Conditions of Biomass Production for Energy Generation Purposes in Poland

94%

Bielski S.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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2012

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vol. 10

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issue 1

238-249

EN

The issue of production of raw materials for energy generation on agricultural areas is a multileveled issue (the economic, social, environmental and other aspects should be considered). Plantations of energetic plants that represent an important component in satisfying the increasing demand for biomass resulting from the requirement of increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Poland and the European Union will be an important aspect in production of agricultural biomass during the nearest future. Agroenergetics should result in a significant development of agriculture. This paper aims at presenting the legal-economic and technological conditions of biomass production for energy generation purposes as concerns liquid biofuels (as a substitute for fuels produced on the base of crude oil) and solid biomass (used in heat and power generation). This is a consequence of high emissions of greenhouse gases from transport end heat and power generation sectors.

7

International regulations concerning gender discrimination in professional life

94%

Zwiech P.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2011

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vol. 8

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issue 2

49-52

EN

The paper is aimed at presenting legal regulations imposed by International Labour Organization, the United Nations and the European Union, and regarding gender equality in professional life. Issues relating to discrimination against women on labour market have been addressed by international institutions for over 60 years.

8

Badania archeologiczne, poszukiwanie zabytków, wydawanie pozwoleń na nie. Absurdy, wewnętrze sprzeczności, niekonsekwencje i braki w przepisach prawnych ich dotyczących oraz propozycje zmian

94%

Florek M.

Raport

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2019

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vol. 14

137-149

XX

The article discusses legal regulations concerning archaeological research and searching for artefacts, including the requirements for issuing the relevant permits, funding for archaeological rescue excavations, and the issue of ownership of archaeological artefacts. The paper points out the inadequacy of many such regulations and their internal contradictions and inconsistencies. The proposed changes concern, among others: simplification of the procedure for issuing permits for archaeological research and searching for artefacts, restoration of the requirement to provide information on the persons who are to conduct the research in archaeological research permit applications, and increasing the possibility of rejecting such applications by Voivodeship Heritage Protection Officers, as well as the rules for archaeological research funding. Several changes to regulations on the ownership of artefacts, including those found during research and exploration, are suggested.

9

PRAWO I PRZEMIANY DEMOGRAFICZNE – O NIENADĄŻANIU REGULACJI I INSTYTUCJI PRAWNYCH ZA PRZEMIANAMI DEMOGRAFICZNYMI WYNIKAJĄCYMI Z PROCESU STARZENIA SIĘ POPULACJI

94%

Szweda-Lewandowska Z.

Polityka Społeczna

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2020

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vol. 47

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issue 9(558)

10-17

EN

The demographic changes in the age structure of the population, pose a number of challenges both individually and collectively. Population aging and the acceleration of double aging, depopulation – especially in rural areas – these are only the most important processes requiring preparation for coming change. Despite such far-reaching changes, regulations and institutions of Polish law at both micro, and meso levels do not reflect these changes. Decisions taken by authorities are based on historical data and information, often under pressure from interest groups not necessarily interested in changes and disagreeing on their direction. In addition, these decisions do not take into account the cohort factor and long-term consequences of actions in the social sphere. The purpose of the article is to indicate, on the example of two institutions and legal regulations, their inadequacy to the demographic changes (primarily to changes in the structure of the population by age). Due to the size of examples of non-adjustment of the law regulations to social reality, two areas were selected (individual level and local government level). The individual level is represented by the institution of incapacitation. Local government level through the tasks of municipalities and their budgets.

PL

Zachodzące zmiany demograficzne przejawiające się zmianą struktury wieku ludności stwarzają wiele wyzwań zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i zbiorowym. Starzenie się populacji, akceleracja procesu podwójnego starzenia się, depopulacja – szczególnie obszarów wiejskich – to tylko najważniejsze z procesów wymagających przygotowania się do zmian z nich wynikających. Mimo tak daleko idących zmian, regulacje i instytucje polskiego prawa zarówno na poziomie mikro, jak i mezo nie odzwierciedlają ich. Decyzje władz w zakresie uregulowań prawnych są podejmowane na podstawie historycznych danych i informacji, często pod presją grup interesów niekoniecznie zainteresowanych zmianami i niezgadzających się co do ich kierunku. Dodatkowo decyzje te nie uwzględniają czynnika kohortowego i długofalowości konsekwencji działań w sferze społecznej. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na przykładzie trzech instytucji i regulacji prawnych ich nieadekwatności do zmieniającej się rzeczywistości społecznej (przede wszystkim do zmian w strukturze ludności według wieku). Ze względu na wielkość przykładów niedostosowania prawa do rzeczywistości społecznej wybrane zostały dwa obszary (poziom jednostkowy oraz poziom samorządowy). Poziom jednostkowy jest reprezentowany przez instytucję ubezwłasnowolnia. Poziom samorządowy przez zadania gmin i ich budżety.

10

Mobbing — roszczenia przysługujące poszkodowanemu

94%

Pacian J.

Przegląd Prawa i Administracji

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2013

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vol. 94

81 - 89

EN

Mobbing, as a legal and social phenomenon often occurring in workplaces, must be denounced, both in the legal regulations and in social non-acceptance. The aim of the paper is to present the legal claims which a worker, as a victim of mobbing, is entitled to make under civil and criminal law. In a civil action, through Art. 300 of the Labour Code, an employee who proves mobbing by his employer can claim both redress and compensation. The victim of mobbing can also claim compensation for the costs incurred relating to treatment, under Art. 444 § 1 of the Civil Code, in the case of bodily injury or health disorder. The sufferer may also seek compensation for the infringement of personal interests under Art. § 24 of the Civil Code. However, if serious mobbing has occurred in the workplace, the employer might also be held to criminal liability. He/she can bear the responsibility under Arts. 156 and 207 of the Penal Code.

11

Arctic Tourism Development with Regard to Legal Regulations and Environmental Protection

94%

Gawor Ł., Dolnicki P.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2018

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vol. Volume 32, Issue 2

289-298

EN

Arctic tourism develops very quickly and requires both changing of legal regulations and consid-ering environmental issues. The developing branch of services (significantly tourism) has became an important sector in the shaping of the budget of numerous countries worldwide. World-wide climate changes provide new possibilities of visiting remote countries with severe climate conditions. Global warming is particularly intense in the Arctic, where mean temperatures have recently risen twice as fast as in the rest of the world. A comprehensive set of regulations was recently developed to protect the wilderness of Arctic environment from the negative impact of tourism. The purpose of the paper is to present legal and organizational regulations connected with organization of tourist trips in the Arctic, based on the example of Svalbard area, American Arctic and Russian Arctic. There are described particularly legal regulations that concern cruise operators. These issues have been described based on literature studies, analysis of legal regulations and statistical data. The time range of the study is about 20 years. Also discussed are challenges of tourism as seen in the Northwest Passage, a historical challenge for many sailors and Russian Arctic tourism development. The issues of economic benefits, environmental protection and connections between tourism and climate conditions are presented. There is also a focus on weather enabling tourism in the Arctic. It can be said that new possibilities of visiting remote places with severe climate conditions (e.g. Arctic region) are opening due to global changes. It occurs mainly due to the reduced sea ice cover for longer periods of time, which facilitates tourist access and extends visitor seasons. It has been assumed that global climate change may lead to a shift of tourism demand to higher latitudes, creating additional opportunities for tourism in northern regions.

12

Przeciwdziałanie mobbingowi w organizacji na przykładzie wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej – uwarunkowania prawne

94%

Mazanowska E.

International Business and Global Economy

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2015

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vol. Volume 34

152–162

EN

In broadly understood global economy, where human capital is the most important link in any organisation, workplace bullying has become an increasing problem in both the developed and the developing countries, as well as in Poland. Emphasised in the literature is the fact that bullying in its early stages can be recognised the fastest in the countries with a high level of organisational culture. In other countries, however, it is only noticeable when it takes a radical form. This is mainly due to the perception of this phenomenon from a legal perspective. In those countries where the concept came to legislation earlier, the reaction to bullying is quicker. Since the issue of bullying in the organisation has a multifaceted character, this publication refers to the aspects arising from the law of a given country. At the beginning of these considerations, the causal process of bullying has been described, starting with its definition and brief characterisation. The global dimension of this phenomenon is presented with the scale of its occurrence in selected countries of the European Union. The article presents the legal regulations concerning the methods of dealing with psychological harassment, and, in particular, the analysis of organisational and legal solutions within organisations. Its main aim is to find an answer to the following question: How should the problem of bullying in Polish companies be solved? Attempting to answer this question, the author takes into account the experiences of other Member States and the views of the representatives of various scientific disciplines regarding the prevention or the understanding of the mobbing problem. The article reviews Polish and foreign source literature, thereby deepening the knowledge on human resource management by psychological harassment.

13

Sprawa Mary Ellen Wilson i pierwsze amerykańskie organizacje na rzecz ochrony praw dziecka

94%

Wojniak J.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2021

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vol. 45

81-96

EN

The paper presents the mechanisms that led to the first American legal regulations and organizations for the protection of minors and the elimination of child abuse. The background for the considerations is the case that shocked the American public opinion in the second half of the 19th century. It concerned a 10-year-old girl, Mary Ellen Wilson, who was a victim of violence and neglect on the part of her guardians. The attempts to save the child showed that the American system of social welfare lacked adequate institutional and organizational instruments to protect a child who was a victim of violence and abuse. Based on the literature and available archival materials – official documents and press publications from the discussed period – the course of the trial was reconstructed, as well as the initiatives undertaken after its completion, which led to the establishment of the first American organization aimed to protect children. The summary presents the characteristics of the American movement for the protection of children against the background of European initiatives undertaken in this field.

14

Państwowa Inspekcja Sanitarna w walce z dopalaczami – niedozwolone wytwarzanie i obrót środkami zastępczymi

94%

Bukowski A.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2015

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vol. 60

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issue 3 (362)

135-143

EN

One of the tasks of the State Sanitary Inspectorate, established to protect people’s health against adverse effects of environmental harmfulness and nuisance, is to fight against production and sales of functional analogues, referred to as designer drugs. In his article, the author presents the duties and mandate of the State Sanitary Inspectorate in this area, the binding legal regulations and judicature of administrative courts. The author also discusses the changes to legal regulations proposed by the European Commission, aimed at making access to substitute substances more difficult.

15

Nanotechnologia a ochrona środowiska – perspektywa prawna

84%

Jurewicz M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2018

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vol. 80

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issue 2

131-143

EN

EU legal regulations address environmental protection in terms of the application of nanotechnology only in a fragmented, piecemeal manner. The assurance of the possibility of placing nanomaterials on the watch list of substances for which the monitoring data for substance serialisation is to be collected for a review of the List of priority substances in the field of water policy (Article 8b section 1 of Directive 2008/105/EC), the possibility of taking into account nanomaterials contained in electrical and electronic equipment under the selective processing of materials and components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (Article 8 section 4 of Directive 2012/19/EU), and the possibility of classifying nanomaterials into restricted substances in electrical and electronic equipment (Article 6 section 1 of Directive 2011/65/EU) serve to reduce the risk of using innovative nanotechnology applications for human health and the environment. As a consequence of the lack of scientific knowledge underpinning environmental regulation, including the techniques for the detection, measurement and characterisation of nanomaterials and their monitoring and the lack of data on their toxicity, nanomaterials continue to be underregulated.

PL

Uregulowania prawne UE fragmentarycznie, wycinkowo odnoszą się do zapewnienia ochrony środowiska w aspekcie zastosowań nanotechnologii. Możliwość umieszczenia nanomateriałów na liście obserwacyjnej substancji, w odniesieniu do których mają być gromadzone dane z monitorowania w celu szeregowania substancji do przeprowadzenia przeglądu Wykazu substancji priorytetowych w dziedzinie polityki wodnej (art. 8b ust. 1 dyrektywy 2008/105/WE), ewentualność uwzględnienia nanomateriałów zawartych w sprzęcie elektrycznym i elektronicznym w ramach selektywnego przetwarzania materiałów i części składowych zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (art. 8 ust. 4 dyrektywy 2012/19/UE), a także możliwość zakwalifikowania nanomateriałów do substancji objętych ograniczeniem stosowania w sprzęcie elektrycznym i elektronicznym (art. 6 ust. 1 dyrektywy 2011/65/UE) służą zmniejszaniu ryzyka wykorzystywania nowatorskich aplikacji nanotechnologii dla zdrowia ludzkiego i środowiska. W następstwie niedoboru wiedzy naukowej będącej podwaliną regulacji prawnych dotyczących ochrony środowiska, czyli technik wykrywania, pomiarów i charakteryzowania nanomateriałów, ich monitorowania i danych na temat ich toksyczności, nie wprowadzono dotychczas innych uregulowań prawnych nawiązujących do nanomateriałów.

16

Problematyka przemocy w rodzinie w świetle wybranych uregulowań międzynarodowych

83%

Olszewska A.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2016

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vol. 39

167-189

EN

In the article the problem of domestic violence in the context of legal regulations relating to the protection of human rights is discussed. Reference was made to the historical origins of activities related to the legal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. A distinction of women’s rights, children and domestic violence in relation to the practice of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is considered as a tool to present arguments. The article describes the most important documents regarding the rights of women and children and domestic violence; the rights and duties imposed on signatories in the context of protection of rights and the development of regulations and methods of their implementation referring also to Polish law. The discussion that took place in the public debate prior to ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe is also touched. The article is an attempt to indicate a significant space they occupy on the issues of domestic violence and their protection in the listed international regulations.

17

Rozwój miast a wybrane rozwiązania prawne i kwestie kulturowe

83%

Kozak M.

Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN

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2017

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issue 178

32-46

18

The extent and manner of passing the information concerning the surgical implantation of cells, tissues or organs to the recipient of the transplant under the Polish law

83%

Huzarska D., Huzarska J.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2015

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vol. 5

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issue 2

229-236

EN

The purpose of article is to present, analyse and evaluate the effective legal regulations concerning the extent and manner of passing information about surgical implantation of cells, tissues or an organ to the recipient of the graft. The prospective recipient of the graft should possess extensive knowledge concerning the suggested medical intervention by way of implantation of cells, tissues or an organ as well as data regarding the subsequent medical procedures that follow. Therefore, information obtained by the patient ought to be as exhaustive as possible. That is to say, it must contain any data that would enable the prospective recipient to make a reasonable decision whether to agree to the intervention or not while being fully aware of what they give their consent to and what might be expected. Information should be presented in a manner that is intelligible and comprehensive for the prospective recipient of transplant, which shall be assessed individually, on the basis of current intellectual abilities of the patient.

19

Klauzule społeczne w zamówieniach publicznych – moda czy realna potrzeba

83%

Panasiuk A.

|

2019

|

vol. 64

|

issue 2 (385)

162-175

EN

Social clauses in public procurement allow for achieving social objectives related to public procurement. However, social clauses are hardly ever used, despite the changes introduced to the Public Procurement Law. In his article, the author attempts to find out whether this is due to the fact that social clauses are in vogue among more socially conscious buyers only, or due to little awareness of the existence of social clauses and the benefits they can give. Another potential reason may be the lack of knowledge and experience as for what clauses and in what way should be included in public procurement documents.

20

Presumptions on Discretion in Law Enforcement of Financial Legal Provisions

71%

Barikova A.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2021

|

vol. 2(30)

7-24

EN

The author has outlined the essence of legal presumptions on discretion in law enforcement of financial legal provisions as both current legal phenomena and legal regulations. The relationship between presumptions and principles of law, as well as the classification of presumptions has been researched into. Presumptions on discretion in law enforcement of financial legal provisions are formed in relation to a particular legal fact or group of facts or compositions that correspond with a particular law enforcement situation, which is due to the origin, content and purpose of these facts or compositions, the relationship between them. With regard to discretion in law enforcement of financial legal provisions, it could also be argued that there are both legally defined irrefutable presumptions (innocence, “all doubts in favour of the taxpayer”) and rebuttable in a particular case, which does not terminate its effect as a whole. It has been concluded that presumptions on discretion in law enforcement of financial legal provisions are applied due to logical methods of induction or modelling, when the probability of a phenomenon is not high enough.

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