Search results

1

The genesis of the contemporary Ethiopian legal system

100%

Augustyniak Z.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2012

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issue 46

101-115

FR

Jusqu'au XVIème siècle la législation dans l'Empire éthiopien était principalement fondée sur les règles du droit canonique, les commandements bibliques, et des éléments du droit coutumier. Il a fall au attendre l'apparition du premier écrit code juridique pour voir l’intégration du droit romain et byzantin dans la législation éthiopienne. La codification du droit en Ethiopie, qui a eu lieu dans les années 1924-1933 et 1950-1960, a exigé des codificateurs l’application des législations des pays du monde occidental. Pour la création du code criminel et du code civil, on a utilisé les codes des pays dont la législation s’appuyait sur le droit romano-germanique, aussi bien que ceux des pays dont la législation reposait sur le droit anglo-saxon. Le texte ci-dessous tente de repondre à la question: à quelle famille juridique appartient la législation éthiopienne contemporaine?

2

Solon — twórca podstawowych politycznych i prawnych wartości europejskich

80%

Barta H.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2014

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vol. 23

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issue 3

557-560

EN

The publication introduces the profile of Solon who was a famous character of the ancient Greek law culture. In the first place there is a presentation of Solon’s origin as a man and the citizen of one of the Greek polis – Athens. Next he is showed as a person who has a significant contribution to the development of the Greek law culture, which is expressed in his activity as a designer of the important legal solutions that enabled the permanent reduction of social tensions and conflicts. At the end there is a presentation of the influence of the values propagated by Solon upon the progress of the fundamental rights in Europe. The Solon’s work deserves a particular protection as a type of a sign-post for the activity of the contemporary legislator.

3

Kelsen in the reactor hall? The complex interrelationship of national law, European Union law and international law in the regulation of nuclear safety

80%

Fyhr K.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2023

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issue 3 (43)

57-88

EN

This paper focuses on a highly specialized field of law, namely nuclear law. This is characterized, on the one hand, by strong national competences and the primary position of national law, but also, on the other hand, by the international dimension, which has a major impact on national law. For a European Union Member State, the picture is even more wide-ranging, as European Union law, in this case the Euratom Treaty, adds another important layer to the legal-regulatory framework in the nuclear energy sector. The point of departure for this paper is therefore that of an EU Member State, which in nuclear energy issues functions in a legal field consisting of three interdependent main elements – national law, European Union law and international law. Thus, the article seeks to answer the question of which of these three legal systems is the primary one for an EU Member State in the area of nuclear safety, and also to shed light on their interrelationships. he theoretical framework for this analysis aimed at systematization is Hans Kelsen’s classical theory of legal systems. The argument presented here is that for an EU Member State the primary legal system from a legal-hierarchical point of view is the legal system composed of EU law. This is the case mainly because the EU has competence in the area of nuclear safety, albeit shared with the EU Member States. Although the EU/Euratom has not yet significantly expanded regulation in this field, this will most likely change as EU energy policy and legislation develops further in the future. This evolution will most likely have both legislative and enforcement impacts, despite the fact that the substantive content of legislation on all three levels is quite similar. In spite of this, the three legal systems co-exist in constant interaction and without major collisions. Kelsen’s perspective can prove beneficial for understanding the boundaries of the three interdependent legal systems and the shift of the basic norm towards EU law over the past two decades.

4

Glosa do Wyroku austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 14 czerwca 2017 r., sygn. akt G62/2017 ua G62/2017-12, G63/2017-14, stwierdzająca ponowne wejście w życie uprzedniego stanu prawnego

80%

Tkaczyk E.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2022

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issue 3(170)

233–242

EN

The Constitutional Court has ruled on the lapse of the provision and on its re-entry into the legal system. According to § 4(3) of the ruling G62/2017 ua G62/2017-12, G63/2017-14 the expression “and 3” in § 16(5) of the law of financing political parties (LGBl 79/1981, idFLGBl 7/2017), should be repealed as unconstitutional due to a violation of the principle of equality before the law which also binds the legislator. These provisions illustrate the status of the law, as they were part of the legal system for some time and could be properly applied by public authorities. The ruling was issued on 14 June 2017 and concerns the re-entry into force of the previous legal status. However the Court emphasized that this matter should be regulated by the legislator of the Land of Salzburg. Regardless of the actions taken by the law-makers, the Constitutional Court had to deliver a judgement that is in accordance with the logical principle elaborated on the basis of Article 140(6) of the Austrian Constitution (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz).

5

The phenomenon of translatability in the Europeanization of the Law

80%

Olldashi E.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 07

19-26

EN

The integration of legal systems in European is one of the most important issues. This process has started by the fact that there are significant differences between the civil law and common law system and between the legal families in it. A law (at domestic or international level) should not be viewed against the backdrop of the historical, political, cultural, social and economic context in which they function. In order to shed further light for our readers, we analyze by emphasizing the significant differences between the civil law and common law system on one side and the legal families that are part of the same legal system, either “Civil” or “Common,” on the other side. The Europeanization of law refers to the communization of the law by EU institutions and to a process that aims at creating a common Europe legal system. In the end, either in medium or long term, the Europeanization is contributing to the so-called non-mandatory or soft harmonization of private law. It is in the best interest of the EU to seek adequate judicial instruments to accommodate the massive numbers of laws deriving from different Civil Law and the Common law systems.

6

Codification and Legal Sources in the Albanian Legal System: Comparative Approach to Legal Systems

80%

Olldashi E.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2018

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issue 17

36-45

EN

The civil law system entered the codification path during the 19th century, enabling the creation of uniformity, such as drafting a civil code and building a new (national) identity. The structure of the code suggests that it provides a comprehensive, internally coherent set of rules for private law. The adopted civil codes secure lawyers a systematic and coherent foundation for the legal system and legal reasoning. Codification allowed laws to be in an easily identified document easily. Traditionally, the civil law system has been subject to several codification and consolidation processes during different periods in time, influenced from political, social or economic reforms. In Albania after the proclamation of the Monarchy, work began on the preparation of various codes, with the crucial one being the Civil Code. The first Albanian Civil Code entered in force on the 1st of April 1929. This process was the first step for the Albanian Legislator to compare the secularity of the European legal framework to that of the Ottoman Empire. In 1991, the end of the communist era in Albania was marked by bringing the transformation of the economy into a market-oriented system and the creation of a legal system that protected the right of private property. The Albanian system as a continental system has developed a system based on systematic approach to laws, a procedure known as dogmatic approach. It has created an internal system of laws based on generally codified norms and principles. The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of political, social or economic reforms in the codification process and the nature of legal sources in Albania.

7

The Control of the Constitutionality of European Union Law by Means of Constitutional Complaints

80%

Grądzka I.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 4

189-205

EN

The subject of this article is the institution of the constitutional complaint, which is analysed in connection with European integration. It should be noted that Poland’s membership of the European Union has had a great influence, not only on the system of national law, but also on the jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal; therefore considerations are carried out here mainly in relation to the Constitutional Tribunal. In examining the issue of the constitutional complaint, the following assumptions may be stated. First, the constitutional-complaint procedure, is in fact, the examination of the compliance of legal norms with the Constitution, any deviation being related to the entities initiating proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal, Article 191(1)(6), of the Constitution[1], and to the material scope of the complaint, as determined in Article 79 of the Constitution. Second, there is no doubt that the constitutional complaint can become an important legal instrument shaping the jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, which has to face constitutional issues related to European integration[2]. Following the example of the practice of other Member States, e.g. Germany, the Tribunal may use the institution of the constitutional complaint as a means of controlling the compliance of the secondary law of the European Union with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. [1] The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Journal of 2 April 1997, Journal of Law 1997, No. 78, item 483, as amended. [2] The literature on the subject indicates that the membership of nation States of the European Union obliges constitutional courts to act in the field of integration. Their task is to set the boundaries and conditions for the integration process. Jurisprudence in this area is referred to as acquis constitutionnel. Cf. Aleksandra Kustra, “Model skargi konstytucyjnej jako czynnik kształtujący orzecznictwo sądów konstytucyjnych w sprawach związanych z członkostwem państwa w Unii Europejskiej,” Państwo i Prawo, no. 3 (2015): 35.

8

Development of Commercial Law in the Slovak Republic - Outline of problems

80%

Mamojka M., Dworzecki J.

Internal Security

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2016

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vol. 8(1)

81-90

EN

The article concerns the issue of trade law in the context of its evolution and the current realities of its being in force in Republic of Slovakia. In the paper the authors present an historical view of the creation of legal regulations about trade from ancient times to present days. In the first part of the paper the political system and its components are discussed. The reader will be able to acquaint themselves with the functioning of the apparatus of executive power (the government and ministries), legislative power (the parliament consisting of 150 members) and judiciary (independent courts and prosecutors) in the Republic of Slovakia. Moreover, this part of the article provides information about practical aspects of the creation of selected components of the constitutional legal order (e.g. parliamentary elections). In the second part, the paper covers the evolution of trade law over the centuries, approaches to regulations in Mesopotamia, based on, inter alia, the Code of Hammurabi, and also in ancient Egypt and Greece. Tracing the development of trade law over the centuries, the authors also present the evolution of legal regulations in this field in the XIX century, with particular reference to France, Germany and Austria-Hungary (especially the territory which today forms the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). In the last part of the article, the forming of regulations of trade law in Czechoslovakia from 1918 and during subsequent periods which created the history of that country, to the overthrow communism and the peaceful division of the state in 1993 into two separate, independent state organisms – the Czech Republic and Slovakia - is approached.

61%

Roelofse C.

Internal Security

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2015

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vol. 7(2)

245-265

EN

This article propagates a theoretical basis for performing comparative studies in policing. Researchers, carryingout comparative studies should be familiar with the fundamental constructs that underpins policing philosophy, strategyand operations. The fundamental constructs, namely political philosophy, culture and religion, and law underpins policingphilosophy and style while the contextual constructs, crime, economy and demography, are influenced by these fundamentalsand also, as a result of their reciprocal influence amongst themselves, inform policing strategy and operations. Policing agenciesfluctuate on a dichotomy of open and closed systems and the goal achievement system responds to all these influences and betweencentralised and decentralised policing. This article focuses on some of the theoretical and practical issues in performing comparativestudies within and amongst police agencies. Comparisons need to be clearly demarcated, starting firstly with the topic. Theoryand praxis should speak to one another and form the foundation of comparative studies in policing. Without a thoroughunderstanding of the constructs, comparative studies may lack depth and quality. Researchers, undertaking comparative studiesshould be familiar with the fundamental constructs that underpin policing philosophy, strategy and operations. Furthermorethe contextual constructs, influenced both by the fundamental ones and also as a result of their reciprocal influence amongstthemselves, also lead to policing strategy and operations. Understanding the reciprocity amongst the different constructs is essentialfor critical analyses as the basis for comparative studies.

16

Co je právo a jak ho můžeme modelovat

61%

Michálek J.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2020

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vol. 159

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issue 4

321-341

EN

The aim of this article is to present the characteristics of a possible model of a legal system, which could be used for modeling of law by automatic systems. For such purpose I define the concept of a legal system, defined as fundamental normative system, which claims to be legitimate and enforceable. I describe several examples that such definition is both realistic and practical. I show how the attributes of such a concept follow from a general requirement for justification of a norm as a behavior regulation. Based on the definition of legal system, I introduce the basics of the model of law. I recommend inclusive positivism with textual or instrumental actualism for the modeling of continental law. I describe how the defined model of law represents phenomena such as collision of legal systems, metanorms, legal pluralism and the case law of judges.

CS

Cílem této práce je načrtnout charakteristiku možného modelu právního systému, který by byl využitelný při modelování práva pomocí automatizovaných systémů. Za tímto účelem vymezuji pojem právního systému, za který považuji fundamentální normativní systém, který o sobě tvrdí, že je legitimní a vynutitelný. Na několika případech ukazuji, že takové vymezení je realistické a praktické. Ukazuji, jak tyto pojmové znaky vyplývají z obecného požadavku na zdůvodnění normy jako regulativu chování. Na základě vymezení právního systému představuji základy modelu práva. K modelování kontinentálního práva doporučuji volit inkluzivní pozitivismus s textuálním nebo instrumentálním aktualismem. Popisuji, jak vymezený model práva zachycuje jevy jako kolize právních systémů, metanormy, právní pluralismus a soudcovské dotváření práva.

17

Planowanie legislacyjne w Europie Środkowej

61%

Zubek R.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

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2008

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issue 2(4)

29-43

PL

Rządy w Europie Środkowej regularnie publikują plany legislacyjne. Praktyka ta może przyczynić się do sprawnego rządzenia. Analiza doświadczeń Czech, Polski, Słowacji i Węgier wskazuje jednak, że rządy tych państw mają trudności z wykorzystaniem planów legislacyjnych do strategicznego zarządzania procesem tworzenia prawa. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że powodów takiego stanu rzeczy należy szukać w słabej organizacji planowania legislacyjnego.

EN

Cabinets in Central Europe regularly publish legislative works-plane, i.e. periodical lists of bills to be adopted by the cabinet and introduced to parliament. Such legislative planning has the potential to make an important contribution towards achieving better governance. The comparative experience of legislative planning in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia shows, however, that many governments find it difficult to transform legislative programmes into effective tools for strategic management of government legislation. This article argues that a major reason for such problems lies in the deficient organization of the planning process.

18

Axioms, axiomatization and law

61%

Madej M., Horák F.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 3

254-270

EN

This paper examines the possibility and the desirability of axiomatization in law. In the first part, the paper examines the notion of axiom and the ways how it was or could be introduced into law. It is here where the authors openly invite the reader to lose the conventional approach and think about alternative ways to build basic legal concepts. In the second part, the paper continues by presenting several theories which endeavored (or appeared to endeavor) to show that law can (and should be) axiomatized and which even attempted to axiomatize it. After establishing whether these theories were successful at all, the authors add some of their own ideas on the topic of axiomatization.

19

Legal and Policing Model to Counter Organised Crime and Terrorism in Slovakia

61%

Lošonczi P., Reitšpís J., Mašľan M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2019

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vol. 29(29)

127-139

EN

Organized crime and terrorist networks belong to the most important threats in Europe, including Slovakia. The number of assets confiscated from organized crime is still increasing, which indicates its rise, especially in the areas of carousel tax fraud, unlawful financial operations, VAT collection, and the distribution of drugs. These activities are often accompanied with corruption. Europe, including Slovakia, is now facing the growing migration wave that increases the risk of foreign fighters entering its territory, who could be recruited for terrorists attacks. The efficiency of the fight against organized crime and terrorism depends on the coordination of activities, the cooperation of the involved authorities, as well as their independence, and a permanent effort to minimize unprofessional and illegal interventions into the work of police, courts and prosecution. This is an area in which permanent improvement is necessary.

20

System prawa w ujęciu teoretycznoprawnym

61%

Leszczyński L.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius)

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2017

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vol. 64

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issue 1

EN

Paper’s aim deals with defining the role of the category of the system both in the essence of the law and in its implementation and interpretation. The course of deliberations starts with the notion of the legal system, being followed by the analysis of basic dimensions of the systemic analysis of law (systematization of the normative acts as well as vertical and horizontal structure of law) and of the role of the systemic (both structural and axiological) rules of the legal interpretation conducted in the process of the application of law. The results of these considerations are then confronted with the various divisions of the legal system, taking especially the position of the administrative law into account.

PL

Opracowanie ma na celu określenie roli kategorii systemu w postrzeganiu istoty prawa oraz jego wykładni i stosowaniu. Stąd, po zasygnalizowaniu kwestii pojęciowo-konstrukcyjnych, przedmiotem analiz stały się podstawowe wymiary systemowości prawa (systematyka aktu normatywnego oraz struktura pionowa i pozioma systemu), które pozwalają na dostrzeżenie roli reguł systemowych w wykładni prawa dokonywanej w procesie decyzyjnym stosowania prawa. Ustalenia co do powyższych zagadnień zostały następnie skonfrontowane z przedmiotowymi podziałami systemu prawa, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem w jego ramach pozycji prawa administracyjnego.

Refine search results

The genesis of the contemporary Ethiopian legal system

Solon — twórca podstawowych politycznych i prawnych wartości europejskich

Kelsen in the reactor hall? The complex interrelationship of national law, European Union law and international law in the regulation of nuclear safety

Glosa do Wyroku austriackiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 14 czerwca 2017 r., sygn. akt G62/2017 ua G62/2017-12, G63/2017-14, stwierdzająca ponowne wejście w życie uprzedniego stanu prawnego

The phenomenon of translatability in the Europeanization of the Law

Codification and Legal Sources in the Albanian Legal System: Comparative Approach to Legal Systems

The Control of the Constitutionality of European Union Law by Means of Constitutional Complaints

Development of Commercial Law in the Slovak Republic - Outline of problems

Relations of the European Union law with Polish legal order

The European Union in multi-crisis: towards differentiated legal integration?

Interpretacja terminu kontrola w uchwale Kolegium NIK – rozstrzygnięcie zastrzeżeń kontrolowanego

Military Law in the Republic of Poland

Public Prosecution Service in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic: Common Roots, Different Paths (A Comparative Legal Analysis)

The European Court of Human Rights: Bringing Together Legal Systems

Comparative Policing: Theory and Praxis

Co je právo a jak ho můžeme modelovat

Planowanie legislacyjne w Europie Środkowej

Axioms, axiomatization and law

Legal and Policing Model to Counter Organised Crime and Terrorism in Slovakia

System prawa w ujęciu teoretycznoprawnym