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K připravovanému Slovníku raněnovověké češtiny

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Fuková I., Nejedlý P., Šimek Š.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 1-2
76-87
EN
The article presents information about the preparation of the Dictionary of Early Modern Czech taking place at the Department of Language Development of the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech is the basic material source for the creation of the planned dictionary. The authors evaluate the present state of knowledge in the field and describe the methodological and technical constraints given by the nature of historical texts. However, the structural method elaborated by Igor Němec makes it possible to sufficiently reconstruct objectively defunct parts of the lexical system that refer to extralingual reality which no longer exists. The authors conclude by defining the necessary technical, personnel, and institutional support required.
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Enantiosémie jako výsledek vývojových procesů:

70%
Nejedlý P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2014
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vol. 75
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issue 3
181-192
EN
Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní, přiblížit, etc.) negative conceptual content through the systemic usage of the directional meaning of the prefix u-. In another example, the verb odpravit has changed its meaning from ‘to arrange regularly’ to ‘to murder’ during its own complicated semantic development (‘to make sth rightly’ → ‘to punish sb rightly’ → ‘to put sb to death’ → ‘to murder’). Finally, it is shown that the meanings ‘to love’ and ‘to hate’ of the Old Czech verb náviděti have become the result of a double progressive artificially-created opposition to the initial common Slavic nenáviděti – the previous concept, presented both in linguistic and in popular literature on its polysemy, is thus incorrect.
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