The article demonstrates that researchers have correctly often included in their procedures the intention to vote, and sometimes also past behavior, but have completely ignored the second layer of RAA predictors. The final third section discusses issues of a likelihood-to-vote scale. It starts by presenting the Gallup-Perry Index as the only publicly tested and developed scale of voter turnout which, however, turns out theoretically ungrounded in terms of RAA. Another option is to apply and method that was already used in a previous RAA-based study of the likelihood to vote. It, however, paid insufficient attention to all RAA dimensions as currently defined. Following this discussion, the article proposes a new eight-item scale for measuring the likelihood to vote. By including the second layer of RAA indicators, the scale promises more reliable measurement of the likelihood to vote. Its expected factor structure is presented and offered for empirical testing. A theoretical estimation is made as to which items should be able to explain the variance in voting behavior beyond behavioral intention.
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