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1
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Des Linguisten Einführung zu menschlicher Fehlbarkeit und kognitiven Verzerrungen: deren Evolution, kognitiver Stellenwert und Einfluss auf die Entscheidungsfindung

100%
Breyl M.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2023
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issue 23
17-37
EN
Most people, including many scientists, readily assume that human perception depicts reality truthfully, that human thought processes are essentially rational, and that episodic memory aptly stores and recalls factual information about personal experiences. However, these notions are only partially true. Of course, evolutionary pressures have culminated in an overall quite powerful cognitive system that allows humans to adequately cope with the circumstances present within their ecological niche(s), but nevertheless, perception of the outside world is subject to the brain’s “motivated” interpretation out of imperfect input, thinking is guided by heuristic shortcuts as well as a plethora of unconscious biases, and memory shows itself to be imperfect as well as malleable to a variety of influences. As a result, intuitive judgments on reality are, in principle, to a certain degree unreliable. Cognitive shortcomings constitute an intrinsic condition of human nature and profoundly impact how people interpret the world and interact with their material and social surroundings. This paper is motivated by the fact that many scholars within linguistics, as well as most students of the field, have little to no awareness of the pertinent literature, even though these biases may directly or indirectly influence their work. The following therefore aims to present a concise introduction to the topic, from the evolutionary background to practical implications within linguistic research.
2
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Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych). Cz. I

75%
Kiklewicz A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2016
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issue 21
21-34
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
3
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Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych). Cz. II

75%
Kiklewicz A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2016
|
issue 22
25-41
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
4
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Time-bounded Fieldwork “Ex-situ” or On Fieldwork Without Unlearning Another Language

75%
Siegl F.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
|
2021
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vol. 12
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issue 1
53-80
EN
This essay discusses two episodes of temporally bounded consultant work on Tundra Yukaghir (isolate) and Tuvan (Turkic) and attempts to bridge, or at least narrow the gap between reflexive anthropological thinking (e.g., Geertz, 1973, 1988) and reasoning about linguistic fieldwork. In this respect, the essay is a follow-up on Siegl (2018), which analyzed experiences from fieldwork in moribund speech communities. Similar to Siegl (2018), this essay also focuses more on data gathering and (personal) challenges in the field and less on presenting polished research results; therefore, references to literature on linguistic fieldwork are minimized (this literature was covered in detail in Siegl, 2010, 2018). Given that the process of data gathering is usually blended out in research reports, a second aim of this essay is to offer insights on consultant/fieldwork in action so that this process becomes more transparent and can be evaluated by those without primary research interests in this sub-discipline of linguistics.
5
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Kategorizace v lingvistice : spiritus agens nového poznání?

63%
Křivan J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
11-23
EN
The paper deals with (meta)linguistic categorization and its role in linguistic/grammatical research. Following the presentation of the starting point on how to assess distinct categorizations, it is shown how the absence or presence of theoretical positions on categorization in languages (structuralism, generativism, usage-based approaches) affects linguistic descriptions, and examples of inconsistencies are also presented. Subsequently, it is suggested a new categorization perspective can be used to overcome existing categorizations. The paper also presents the position that the study of language concerns causal processes applied in multiple frames and concludes that doing distinct and compatible categorizations can truly serve as a spiritus agens of new findings in linguistics.
6
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Přístupy ke zkoumání jazykové variace a česká jazyková situace:

63%
Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 1
1-12
EN
This paper reviews the possibilities of analysis of linguistic variation in Czech. First, we focused on dialectology and variationist sociolinguistics as two disciplines which look at language variation from the perspective of language production. We argue that traditional dialectology is oriented towards the in-breadth description of language variation and it offers a convenient method to register differential features, especially lexical items and items which are in decline. On the other hand, variationist sociolinguistics aims for an in-depth analysis. It is concerned primarily with the phonological and grammatical variation and tries to explain it on the basis of its relation to the social stratification in the given society (community). Perceptual dialectology and the research on language attitudes analyze language variation from the perspective of both language perception and its evaluation. They are based on the idea that our linguistic behaviour is co-determined by our subjective perception of the language use. We argue that for a better understanding of the Czech linguistic situation, we need to utilize findings from all of these disciplines.
7
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Podstawowe zagadnienia współczesnej filozofii języka, filozofii językoznawstwa oraz filozofii lingwistycznej

51%
Stalmaszczyk P.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2022
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vol. 18
137-161
EN
The article discusses key concepts in contemporary philosophy of language (especially analytic), and also philosophy of linguistics, and linguistic philosophy, and the relations between these domains. Whereas linguistics, the scientific study of language, is concerned with theoretical and applied analyses of human natural language and with constructing appropriate levels of linguistic representation, philosophy of language provides (philosophical) investigations into the phenomenon of language in general, concentrating especially on the problems of meaning, reference, truth, and understanding. More recent approaches to philosophy of language considerably extend this field of investigation. Linguistic philosophy can be described as an approach to the philosophy of language, a philosophical method; further on, philosophy of linguistics offers philosophical reflections on linguistic inquiries and linguistic theories. The article investigates mutual relations among these disciplines, offers necessary terminological clarification, and provides an overview of recent studies devoted to philosophy of language.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych zagadnień współczesnej filozofii języka (zwłaszcza w ujęciu analitycznym) oraz filozofii językoznawstwa i filozofii lingwistycznej, a także relacji między poszczególnymi dyscyplinami. Dla potrzeb niniejszej dyskusji językoznawstwo można określić jako systemowe badanie języka naturalnego, a filozofię języka jako systemowe badanie podstawowych pojęć związanych z naturą i właściwościami języka (zarówno języka naturalnego, jak i języków formalnych). Filozofia językoznawstwa, jako gałąź filozofii nauki, ma za swój przedmiot systemową refleksję nad teoriami językoznawczymi i metodami badań językoznawczych, natomiast filozofia lingwistyczna jest metodą lub techniką badania języka, również języka potocznego. W artykule dokonano również przeglądu zawartości wybranych encyklopedycznych i podręcznikowych pozycji poświęconych filozofii języka.
8
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K možnostem korpusového zpracování nadvětných jevů:

45%
Poláková L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 4-5
241-258
EN
The present contribution is a theoretical and methodological study of the possibilities of processing discourse through the use of corpus methods. Despite the description complexity of phenomena “beyond the sentence boundary”, we argue that even more ways of systematic analysis are possible. Taking into account various attempts during the last decade to create discourse-annotated corpora, a reliable way to proceed in any such analysis is shown to be to distinguish between different layers of discourse analysis (in particular between “semantic” and “pragmatic” aspects) and to stick with the linguistic form as opposed to classifying phenomena with no surface realization.
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