Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 20

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  liquidity risk
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIAL BANK LIQUIDITY IN HUNGARY

100%
Vodová P.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
|
2013
|
vol. 9
|
issue 3
64-71
EN
This paper aims to identify determinants of liquidity among Hungarian commercial banks. The data cover the period from 2001 to 2010. Results of panel data regression analysis show that bank liquidity is positively related to capital adequacy of banks, interest rate on loans and bank profitability and negatively related to the size of the bank, interest margin, monetary policy interest rate and the interest rate on interbank transactions. The relation between the growth rate of GDP and bank liquidity is ambiguous.
2
Content available remote

Liquidity Management Practices in Islamic Banking

100%
Sobol I.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2013
|
vol. 2
|
issue 1
566-576
EN
In the last few decades the increasing significance of Islamic banking has been observed. A distinctive feature of Islamic banks is the obligation to conduct operations in accordance with principles of sharia, which is the religious law of Muslims. The prohibition of usury (arab. riba), understood as any sort of increase over the principal amount, is considered to be the most fundamental sharia principle that Islamic banks must follow. As a result transactions conducted by Islamic banks cannot be based on interest. This principle applies also to money market operations which are essential for managing the bank’s liquidity. Islamic banks create their own instruments such as commodity murabaha or ijara sukuk to manage liquidity risk. Those instruments, however, have many drawbacks. First of all, they are hardly traded in the secondary market. Secondly, they are not universally approved by Islamic scholars which results in inability to trade them across the countries.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Liquidity Risk Measurement for Mutual Funds Investing in Less-Liquid Assets

100%
Van Horne R. H.
Nauki o Finansach
|
2016
|
issue 2(27)
65-79
EN
I apply two models from the existing academic literature to assess liquidity risk in groups of mutual funds as well as in individual high yield mutual funds. These models are a serial correlation model with an AR(1) process and a lagged effects model. These models were most recently applied in the field of hedge fund research to measure liquidity risk and to evaluate the performance of aggregated groups of hedge funds, organized by investment strategy. I apply these models in the recently developing area of liquid alternative mutual funds and at the level of the individual mutual fund. A perceived benefit to investors in the liquid alternative funds is the structural, daily-redemption liquidity of the fund shares. Yet, the liquidity of the underlying securities portfolios held by these funds is not apparent to the investors and may expose the investor to heightened liquidity risk. The models perform well and will be applied to identify liquidity risk in a further ongoing study of the performance and liquidity of individual mutual funds. Liquidity risk assessment should play a vital role in performance evaluation and fund selection
4

Prawne regulacje w kształtowaniu płynności sektora bankowego w Polsce

100%
Rzeczycka A., Golawska-Witkowska G.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2012
|
vol. 15
|
issue 4(57)
128-136
EN
Requirements for banking supervision in shaping the liquidity underwent changes along with the events in the turbulent environment. Initially, they were optional. Banks were only obliged by the bank law to maintain market liquidity. Existing indicators were generally treated as those which size should be retained by the bank, however they were not obligatory. However, with the changes in the financial markets, as a form of protection from the financial crisis, they took the obligatory character, as prudential norms. The study carried out an analysis of the liquidity situation in the banking sector with total assets that at the end of each month in the last 12 months exceeded 200 million zloty, and not exceeding this amount. It was found that it is shaped on the correct level, and the number of banks which do not respect the Resolution 386/2008 is continuously decreasing.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Chosen measures for pricing liquidity

100%
Dziwok E.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2017
|
issue 482
29-35
EN
The financial crisis of the years 2007-2009 showed that especially liquidity risk was underestimated or was not taken seriously into account. The existing liquidity measures proved to be inadequate or incorrectly used. For this reason, the alternative measures should be considered. The aim of the article is to investigate specific liquidity measures using a sample of daily data. The attention is focused in particular on the yield curve fitting error, precisely on the root mean squared error. The analysis covers the time series of errors calculated from daily WIBOR data and yield curve construction using two types of parametric models – Nelson- -Siegel and Svensson. By employing the selected liquidity measures on the Polish financial market, one can find evidence of its changing level in case of market disturbances.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

RETURN ON CURRENT ASSETS, WORKING CAPITAL AND REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN ON EQUITY

100%
Bolek M.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
|
2014
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
1-10
EN
The problem of return on current assets and return on working capital related to the cost of equity invested in a company is analyzed in this paper. Risk – return and liquidity – profitability trade-offs influence the company’s equilibrium and management decisions. Liquidity is measured by the cash conversion cycle and it is related to the working capital strategy, measured by current ratio. Rate of return on current assets should be related to the rate of return on working capital that is linked to the cost of capital and the required rate of return. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the return on current assets and cash conversion cycle, a positive relationship between cost of equity and return on working capital meaning that the working capital, cash conversion cycle and current assets management are related to profitability, and cost of equity is determined by the required rate of return calculated based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model.
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The effect of structural liquidity on performance in Polish commercial banks (measured with margin level) in 2009-2016

100%
Wójcik-Mazur A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2017
|
issue 482
295-308
EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of liquidity policy, which reflected mainly in the asset structure of Polish banks on the level of margin. The paper diagnoses the relationships between the levels of profitability (margin) generated by 4 biggest Polish commercial banks and their structural liquidity level. As an independent variable, the model design implied the level of margin, whereas liquidity risk predictors represented balance measures that identified the level of liquid assets, funding liquidity risk, share of loans in total assets and degree of involvement in the interbank market. The studies demonstrated that both the increase in liquid assets and the level of loans in total assets has a positive effect on the margin level. It means the rate of return of assets (include liquid assets) is still higher than cost of debt in Polish banks. However, it should be emphasized that the increasing contribution of the funding liquidity risk (measured as a ratio of loans to deposits) in the period of 2009-2016 was not accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the margin, which appears to be caused by the interest rate policy of the Polish central bank.
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Liquidity Coverage Requirement under the Delegated Regulation of the European Commission and Basel III Rules - a Comparative Study

100%
Patora K.
Bezpieczny Bank
|
2015
|
issue 2 (59)
25-46
EN
The article presents the principal conclusions from the analysis of the delegated act on the liquidity coverage requirement adopted by the European Commission in October 2014. The delegated act was analysed in line with the Basel IIII accord in order to identify the main differences and to assess whether the alterations proposed by the European Commission pose a threat to the prudential objective of the liquidity regulation. The main conclusion is that the prudential objective of the liquidity coverage requirement cannot be assured as the majority of changes proposed to the delegated act, as compared with the Basel rules, lead to an increase in the average level of the ratio, while the main purpose of the European Commission was to stimulate growth and facilitate lending to the real economy.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Contemporary challenges in the Asset Liability Management

88%
Lubinska B.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2018
|
issue 519
135-145
EN
The role of the active management of the banking book in the banking industry is constantly growing. The efficient and productive use of a bank’s resources subject to consolidated risk and return appetite remains of upmost importance for banks of all sizes. Therefore, the use of optimization techniques to manage the banking book of a financial institution is becoming an imperative to remain profitable. This article states that application of the optimization techniques can provide useful information to understand the target structure for the banking book in terms of its composition of liabilities and is an important tool to decrease the overall cost of funding. Moreover, the application of the optimization techniques in this article is seen as the integration of the exposure to the financial risks into one approach.
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Fashion companies in Poland. The influence of COVID-19 on liquidity assessment

88%
Piosik M.
Central European Economic Journal
|
2022
|
vol. 9
|
issue 56
323-341
EN
This article demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the fashion sector during COVID-19. It outlines the complexity of assessing the liquidity level of retail trade companies. Moreover, it gives an overview of the key information included in the financial statements of fashion companies and highlights key points crucial to determining the liquidity risk of these companies. The article also presents the results of two models; these were estimated using the Arellano–Bover / Blundell–Bond linear dynamic panel-data estimator. Results present the real impact of COVID-19 on the liquidity of Polish fashion and retail trade companies (measured by cash holdings or cash ratio) during the analysed period of time. The analysed data cover the 11 quarters from Q1 2019 to Q3 2021 and were obtained from the quarterly financial statements of the 108 public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and NewConnect (Poland). The findings show that the fashion sector has lower liquidity than the broader retail trade sector. However, fashion companies during COVID-19 obtained higher cash ratios than retail trade companies. This article is a research-supported summary of the most important aspects of assessing the liquidity of fashion companies in light of the changes that have occurred in the industry due to the COVID-19 crisis.
11
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Identification of the dependences between liquidity risk and internal determinants in Polish banks

75%
Wójcik-Mazur A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2019
|
issue vol. 63, nr 2
130-142
EN
This article assesses the correlation between the level of liquidity risk of banks operating in the Polish banking system and a group of internal determinants (including credit risk, measure of profitability and the value of capital ratio). The estimation of correlation coefficients was performed in a group of two types of banks representing the Polish banking sector i.e. commercial and cooperative banks. The study showed a correlation (statistically significant) between the level of liquidity and the internal determinants in the two groups of banks. Nevertheless, the existence of different directions of correlation between liquidity risk and the level of capital ratio in these two groups of Polish banks has been demonstrated. A strong positive relation between the level of liquidity and capital ratio has been diagnosed in the cooperative banking sector, which may be interpreted as an orientation of these banks to increase financial security, regardless of the phase of the economic cycle, which results from both the necessity to implement CRD regulation and the increase in the lending capability of cooperative banks.
PL
W artykule dokonano oceny zależności pomiędzy ryzykiem płynności banków a wyselekcjonowaną grupą determinant wewnętrznych (obejmujących: poziom ryzyka kredytowego, udziału kapitału własnego w pasywach ogółem oraz rentowności). Badanie zależności obejmowało szacowanie współczynnika korelacji w dwóch grupach banków polskiego sektora, tj. spółdzielczych oraz komercyjnych. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły istnienie korelacji (statystycznie istotnej) pomiędzy poziomem płynności finansowej a determinantami wewnętrznymi dla banków zarówno komercyjnych, jak i spółdzielczych. Niemniej jednak wykazano istnienie różnych kierunków korelacji pomiędzy ryzykiem płynności a poziomem kapitału własnego. W sektorze banków spółdzielczych zdiagnozowano bowiem istnienie silnej dodatniej zależności pomiędzy poziomem płynności a udziałem kapitałów własnych w aktywach ogółem. Zależność ta może oznaczać ukierunkowanie banków spółdzielczych na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa finansowego (niezależnie od cyklu koniunkturalnego) i jednocześnie wynikać z konieczności implementowania nowych regulacji CRD, jak również z chęci zwiększenia możliwości kredytowych tego sektora.
12
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The role of a reference yield fitting technique in the fund transfer pricing mechanism

75%
Dziwok E.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2019
|
issue vol. 63, nr 2
16-24
EN
The funds transfer pricing (FTP) structure has become the basis for the process of asset and liability management (ALM) in a modern bank. According to the supervisory documents, FTP is thus a regulatory constraint and an important tool in the ALM process. What is more, institutions should have an adequate internal transfer pricing mechanism based on the reference rate delivered from the market in the form of the yield curve. The fragility and sensitivity of the reference yield over time could have huge consequences for the liquidity risk management process. The aim of the article is to compare the methods of estimation FTP reference yield depending on the goodness-of-fit methodology (least square methods based on short rates (up to 1 year) and prices taken from the Polish market will be considered)). The data taken into account cover the period between 2005-2017 and the results obtained allow to point out the periods when disturbances on the market affected the goodness of a model’s fit to real data and, consequently, have an effect on the fund transfer pricing mechanism.
PL
Struktura cen transferowych (FTP) stała się podstawą procesu zarządzania aktywami i pasywami (ALM) we współczesnym banku. Zgodnie z dokumentami nadzoru FTP jest zatem ograniczeniem regulacyjnym i ważnym narzędziem w procesie ALM. Co więcej, instytucje powinny mieć odpowiedni wewnętrzny mechanizm cen transferowych oparty na stopie referencyjnej dostarczanej z rynku w formie krzywej dochodowości. Wrażliwość referencyjnej stopy zwrotu w czasie może mieć ogromne konsekwencje dla procesu zarządzania ryzykiem płynności. Celem artykułu jest porównanie metod estymacji stopy referencyjnej służącej konstrukcji FTP w zależności od stopnia dopasowania (uwzględnione zostaną metody najmniejszych kwadratów oparte na stopach i cenach dla danych do 1 roku, pochodzących z rynku polskiego). Dane ujęte w analizie obejmują lata 2005-2017, a uzyskane wyniki wskazują na okresy, w których zakłócenia na rynku wpływały na jakość dopasowania modelu do danych rzeczywistych, a w konsekwencji – na mechanizm ustalania cen transferowych.
13
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Systemowe ryzyko płynności w polskim systemie bankowym - wybrane aspekty

75%
Kochański B.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2013
|
vol. 47
|
issue 3
EN
Systemic liquidity risk is the risk that an adverse event will result in simultaneous liquidity problems in a  substantial portion of the financial system. The paper describes several aspects of this risk in the Polish banking environment: decreasing share of liquid assets in the balance sheet, growing maturity mismatch, risks related to foreign currency denominated loans financed through złoty deposits accompanied by FX and currency swaps or through external liabilities. Dependence on currency derivatives and foreign financing contributed to increased liquidity tensions in the financial crisis, including relative increase in customer deposit interest rates. The paper also presents the scale of liquidity support granted during the crisis by the central bank to banks operating in Poland.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
14
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Zarządzanie ryzykiem płynności w bankach działających w Polsce w dobie globalnego kryzysu finansowego

75%
Agnieszka K. N.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2013
|
issue 2/2013 (42)
140-160
PL
Globalny kryzys finansowy jest najpoważniejszym załamaniem aktywności gospodarczej oraz na rynkach finansowych na świecie od czasów Wielkiego Kryzysu z lat 30. ubiegłego stulecia. W 2007 r. A. Clarke, doradca prezesa Banku Anglii, stwierdził, że płynność jest ryzykiem zapomnianym. Jest ono zdecydowanie słabiej rozpoznane niż ryzyko kredytowe czy nawet ryzyko rynkowe. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie sposobów zarządzania ryzykiem płynności w bankach działających w Polsce w dobie globalnego kryzysu finansowego. W tym celu w pięciu wybranych bankach działających w Polsce porównano politykę i zasady zarządzania płynnością oraz zbadano, czy w latach 2007–2010 zaszłych w nich zmiany. Wyboru banków dokonano metodą ekspercką.
EN
The global financial crisis is the most serious slump in the economic activity and financial markets in the world since the Great Depression of the ‘30s in the last century. In 2007, A. Clarke, advisor of the President of the Bank of England, said that the liquidity risk was forgotten. It is far less recognized than the credit risk and market risk. The purpose of this article is to show the solutions for the management of liquidity risk in banks operating in Poland, in the time of global financial crisis. For this purpose, five banks operating in Poland were selected and compared according to their policies and principles of liquidity risk management and the changes occurring in them in between 2007-2010 were analysed. The banks’ selection was made using an expert method.
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Skorygowany o ryzyko kredytowe pomiar płynności banku jako narzędzie wsparcia procesu zarządzania stabilnością finansową

75%
Niedziółka P.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2014
|
issue 4/2014 (48) t.1
132-150
EN
The article focuses on the evaluation of selected methods of quantifying liquidity risk which is affected by a broad spectrum of risk factors, including in particular the credit risk. The following forms of impact of credit risk on liquidity risk were taken into consideration: (1) problems related to the influence of the deterioration of the quality of bank’s loan portfolio, resulting in an increase in liquidity gap and a need to convert liquid assets into cash or obtain additional external financing, (2) an increase in credit risk of the bank (passive credit risk) resulting in disturbances in the process of obtaining external financing and an increase of its cost, (3) an increase in credit risk of issuers of securities until now classified as a resource of liquid assets (HQLA), the consequence of which is an increased risk of disposing of them. Most of the methods of liquidity risk measurement presented in this article exclude the impact of credit risk on the stability of cash flow, which questions their accuracy and determines the need for the correction of the results with regards to the potential impact of both active and passive credit risk.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na ocenie wybranych metod kwantyfikacji ryzyka płynności, na które oddziałuje szerokie spektrum czynników ryzyka, w tym zwłaszcza ryzyko kredytowe. Pod uwagę wzięto następujące formy wpływu ryzyka kredytowego na ryzyko płynności: (1) zaburzenia wpływu środków związane z pogorszeniem się jakości portfela kredytowego, skutkujące wzrostem luki płynności i koniecznością konwersji płynnych aktywów na środki pieniężne lub pozyskania dodatkowego finansowania zewnętrznego; (2) wzrost ryzyka kredytowego banku (pasywne ryzyko kredytowe) skutkujący zaburzeniami w procesie pozyskiwania finansowania zewnętrznego i wzrostem jego kosztu; (3) wzrost ryzyka kredytowego emitentów papierów wartościowych zaliczanych dotychczas do zasobu aktywów płynnych (HQLA), którego konsekwencją jest wzrost ryzyka ich upłynnienia bez znacznego dyskonta. Większość zaprezentowanych w artykule metod pomiaru ryzyka płynności nie uwzględnia wpływu ryzyka kredytowego na stabilność przepływów pieniężnych, co stawia pod znakiem zapytania ich precyzję i determinuje postulat dokonania korekty wyników o potencjalne oddziaływanie zarówno aktywnego, jak i pasywnego ryzyka kredytowego.
16
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Zarządzanie ryzykiem płynności w bankach działających w Polsce w dobie globalnego kryzysu finansowego

75%
Agnieszka K. N.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2013
|
issue 2/2013 (42)
140-160
EN
The global financial crisis is the most serious slump in the economic activity and financial markets in the world since the Great Depression of the ‘30s in the last century. In 2007, A. Clarke, advisor of the President of the Bank of England, said that the liquidity risk was forgotten. It is far less recognized than the credit risk and market risk. The purpose of this article is to show the solutions for the management of liquidity risk in banks operating in Poland, in the time of global financial crisis. For this purpose, five banks operating in Poland were selected and compared according to their policies and principles of liquidity risk management and the changes occurring in them in between 2007-2010 were analysed. The banks’ selection was made using an expert method.
PL
Globalny kryzys finansowy jest najpoważniejszym załamaniem aktywności gospodarczej oraz na rynkach finansowych na świecie od czasów Wielkiego Kryzysu z lat 30. ubiegłego stulecia. W 2007 r. A. Clarke, doradca prezesa Banku Anglii, stwierdził, że płynność jest ryzykiem zapomnianym. Jest ono zdecydowanie słabiej rozpoznane niż ryzyko kredytowe czy nawet ryzyko rynkowe. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie sposobów zarządzania ryzykiem płynności w bankach działających w Polsce w dobie globalnego kryzysu finansowego. W tym celu w pięciu wybranych bankach działających w Polsce porównano politykę i zasady zarządzania płynnością oraz zbadano, czy w latach 2007–2010 zaszłych w nich zmiany. Wyboru banków dokonano metodą ekspercką.
17
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Liquidity Risk and Hedge Fund Performance Evaluation

63%
Horne R. V.
Nauki o Finansach
|
2021
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2
102-125
PL
W artykule wykorzystano dwa modele – opóźnionych efektów i autokorelacji – do identyfikacji potencjalnego ryzyka płynności w portfelach funduszy hedgingowych. Na podstawie modelu autokorelacji opracowano czynnik ryzyka płynności, który dodano do wieloczynnikowego modelu równowagi w celu ponownego oszacowania współczynnika alfa jako miary wyników inwestycyjnych dużego spektrum funduszy hedgingowych. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że duża część wypracowanej alfy z modelu wieloczynnikowego pozbawionego czynnika ryzyka płynności jest w rzeczywistości rekompensatą za to ryzyko. Wynik ten jest istotny zarówno dla przedinwestycyjnego badania due diligence dotyczącego wyboru menedżerów funduszy hedgingowych, jak i poinwestycyjnej oceny wyników tych funduszy oraz zarządzania ryzykiem.
EN
In this article the author uses two models, a lagged-effects model and a serial correlation model, which identify potential liquidity risk in hedge fund portfolios. From the serial correlation model a liquidity risk factor was developed and added to a multi-factor equilibrium model in order to re-estimate Alpha across a universe of hedge funds. It was found that much of what passes for fund Alpha in a multi-factor risk model lacking a liquidity risk factor is actually a compensation for bearing liquidity risk in the context of a model that includes the innovative liquidity risk factor. This result has implications for both a pre-investment due diligence and a manager selection as well as the postinvestment fund performance evaluation and risk management.
18
Content available remote

An empirical investigation between liquidity and key financial ratios of Islamic banks of United Arab Emirates (UAE)

63%
Tabash M. I.
Business and Economic Horizons
|
2018
|
vol. Volume 14
|
issue Issue 3
713-724
EN
This paper empirically analyzes the impact of liquidity risk on key financial performance aspects of Islamic banks in the UAE. To document the association between liquidity risk and other performance ratios, time series data are taken for full-fledged Islamic banks working in the UAE from 2000 to 2014. Liquidity ratios and capital adequacy ratios, profitability ratios, and tangibility ratios are determined. Correlation and regression analyses are used to test the study hypotheses using SPSS. The findings indicate that capital adequacy and tangibility ratios are the main factors to determine liquidity risk of UAE Islamic banks. Furthermore, the results showed that the size of Islamic banks’ assets and capital adequacy had a positive and significant association with liquidity risk. Policymakers and Islamic finance experts should devote more attention to enhancing the base of Islamic finance assets to manage liquidity issues.
19
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Effect of Structural Liquidity on Profitability of Polish Commercial Banks in 2009–2016

63%
Wójcik-Mazur A.
Problemy Zarządzania
|
2017
|
issue 1/2017 (66), t.2
PL
W artykule estymowano determinanty efektywności banków polskich w kontekście ich polityki płynnościowej. W konstrukcji modelu zmienną niezależną był poziom rentowności kapitałów własnych (ROE), a predyktory ryzyka płynności stanowiły mierniki bilansowe. Badania przeprowadzone na czterech największych bankach komercyjnych wykazały istniejące zależności pomiędzy poziomem ryzyka płynności banków a ich rentownością. Należy podkreślić, że w warunkach polskiej gospodarki zarówno rosnący udział aktywów płynnych, jak i kredytów oddziałuje dodatnio na poziom ROE. Jedynie wyższy udział aktywów bardzo wysoko płynnych, utożsamianych z gotówką, w banku centralnym w łącznej sumie bilansowej ogranicza poziom ROE. W efekcie banki polskie, z uwagi na te specyficzne uwarunkowania, nie muszą być zainteresowane utrzymywaniem rosnącej dynamiki akcji kredytowej, bowiem inwestycje finansowe nie zahamują w znaczącym stopniu ich poziomu rentowności (mierzonego wskaźnikiem ROE).
EN
This study estimated determinants of Polish banks’ profitability in the context of their liquidity policy. Return on equity (ROE) served as an independent variable in the model, whereas balance sheet measures were used as liquidity risk predictors. The surveys conducted based on four biggest commercial banks demonstrated relationships between liquidity risk and rates of return of banks. It should be emphasized that in the Polish economic landscape the growing share of both liquid assets and loans has a positive effect on ROE. Only a higher ratio of very highly liquid assets, identified with cash in the central bank, to the balance sheet total is a factor to limit ROE. Consequently, due to the specific conditions, Polish banks do not have to be interested in maintaining an increasing growth rate of lending activity since financial investments do not substantially inhibit their profitability (measured with ROE).
20

Kredyt kupiecki a zatory płatnicze

51%
Golawska-Witkowska G., Rzeczycka A., Mazurek-Krasodomska E.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2016
|
vol. 19
|
issue 3(72)
85-94
PL
Udzielanie kredytu kupieckiego jest wpisane w działalność każdego przedsiębiorstwa. Odroczone płatności sprzyjają wzrostowi sprzedaży, ale również mogą powodować perturbacje w ich funkcjonowaniu. Wspierają one funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach ryzyka kredytowego, które przekształca się często w ryzyko płynności. W efekcie tworzą się zatory płatnicze. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zatorów płatniczych jako skutków odroczonych płatności, sprzyjających tworzeniu się ryzyka kredytowego oraz ujemnych luk płynności. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych rozważań stwierdzono, że problemy płynnościowe wywołane są przez czynniki zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne. Czynnikami je kształtującymi są więc polityka monetarna i fiskalna oraz koniunktura gospodarcza. Jednak na nie przedsiębiorstwo nie ma większego wpływu. Ważne są więc działania samych przedsiębiorstw, głównie w zakresie zarządzania kredytem kupieckim. Tworzące się zatory płatnicze, mimo stosowanych przez państwo instrumentów prawnych w postaci ustawy o terminach dostaw, stanowią istotną przeszkodę w działalności firm. W związku z powyższym konieczne jest zarządzanie kredytem kupieckim i dalsze doskonalenie działań z nim związanych. Przedsiębiorstwa powinny więc włączyć do działań ograniczających negatywne skutki kredytu kupieckiego nowe metody sprawdzania kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej kontrahenta oraz instrumenty finansowe, ograniczające wspomniane ryzyka.
EN
The trade credit is included in the activities of each company. Deferred payments are conducive to the growth of sales, but can also cause disturbances in their functioning. They facilitate the operation of companies in terms of credit risk, which turns up frequently into liquidity risk. As a result, they create payment gridlocks. The aim of this article is to present the payment delays as the effects of the deferred payments, conducive to the formation of credit risk and negative liquidity gaps. Based on the undertaken considerations, it was stated that liquidity problems are caused by external and internal factors. Thus the factors shaping them are the monetary and fiscal policies, and economic conditions. However, no company has an influence on them. Ergo, the actions of enterprises themselves are important, mainly in the management of the trade credit. The payment gridlocks, which arise despite of the imposed by the State the legal instruments in the form of the Law on delivery dates, are important obstacles to the activities of companies. Therefore, it is necessary to manage trade credit and improve further activities related with it. Enterprises should therefore include in the measures limiting the negative effects of the trade credit, the new methods of checking the financial and economic situation of the customer, and financial instruments limiting aforementioned risks.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.