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EN
This paper shall discuss Karol Irzykowski’s views on the prose work of Stefan Żeromski. The shifting nature of the former towards the latter – author of Ludzie Bezdomni [The Homeless] 1899 – shall be examined; ones that changed from criticism to approval. In this context Irzykowski’s critical concept developed in his collection of essays, Czyn i słowo [Action and the Word] 1913, shall be taken into account and it shall also be argued that Irzykowski’s polemical discourse in respect to Żeromski was an integral part of his literary manifesto.
EN
The paper deals with a famous critical controversy of Poland’s interbellum period, the polemic about what Karol Irzykowski called “nonunderstandableness,” stirred up by his article Niezrozumialstwo (1924). Begun on the pages of the weekly “Wiadomości Literackie”, the controversy continued in other periodicals in essays by eminent writers and critics of the time (including T. Peiper, J. Przyboś, S. I. Witkiewicz, J. Ujejski, J.N. Miller, J. Hulewicz and J. Brzękowski) until the outbreak of the World War II. Its importance in the history of the nation’s literary criticism between the wars consists not only in that it promoted the category of “nonunderstandableness”, which has since then become an essential “figure of the reading” of the literary texts of that period (W. Bolecki), but also in Irzykowski’s penetrating campaign employing this category, which diagnosed and exposed the recondite affinity of the literary aesthetic principles and strategies of Young Poland and the later avant-garde. The aim of the paper is to explain Irzykowski’s attitude within this controversy: (1) to identify the personal and abstract, explicitly and implicitly named targets of his attack; (2) to place the category of “nonunderstandableness” within the system of the writer’s opinions from the area of literary criticism; and (3) to interpret the paradoxical manner in which he conducted his critical dispute.
EN
This paper attempts to present and analyze Andrei Nemzer’s literary criticism which in his opinion is an a priori stance on Russian modern literature and criticism. The author examines Nemzer’s critical discourse in order to reveal his unjustified pride and confidence in the area of literary criticism. The paper presents opinions of other Russian modern critics whose activity is aimed at improving the condition of the domestic literature rather than depreciating it as Nemzer does. The analysis of Nemzer’s texts proves that his criticism within the last decades has gone into the direction of a negative critique of Russian modern literature and thus discouraging young talented writers in Russia.
XX
Review of the book by K. Majbrody "Feminist critique of literature in Poland after 1989. Texts, discourse, cognition from a different perspective".
PL
The article discusses the dispute of Romantics with Classicists, however, it does not raise literary or ideological issues around which the discussion was held, but selected elements of Romantic rhetoric. The analysis comprises the image of Classicists and Classicist art emerging from the texts of their critics. Special attention has been paid to the use of the word “dead” and related words. It seems that this word is a kind of a key – tracing its meanings, contexts of use and attributed to it value judgment allows to recreate main postulates of the new trend in art, as well as pay attention to creating the image of the opponent, which takes place in the texts discussed. Finally, it becomes the starting point for indicating elements of similar rhetoric in contemporary literary polemics.
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Parnicki a Rosja. Rekonesans

93%
EN
The article considers issue of the connections between Teodor Parnicki, the Polish author of historical novels, and Russia. His attitude has its origins in biographical experiences. Knowledge of Russian culture is evident especially in the early work of Parnicki, and above all – in literary criticism of the interwar period. Careful reading shows that the sketches and reviews are a conservative critical project, the subject of which is Soviet social and cultural policy and communism in general. This article also complements the current state of research (who did not address this issue), while being a contribution to further research.
EN
Polish literature is popular in China. For over a hundred years some 330 works of Polish literature have been published in China along with hundreds of critical works. The article aims at presenting the reception of Polish literature inChina, it discusses issues such as: the history of translation, the selection of translated works and translators’ interests, interpretation of the works and their significance for both Polish literature and Chinese society.
EN
The article concerns a critical book by Stefan Chwin and Stanisław Rosiek, titled Bez autorytetu, which is treated as an example of the process of a certain turn in the Polish modern literature of the end of the 20th century. The author discusses the basic assumptions of critical concepts and indicates the questionable places of the problem structure emerging from those assumptions. In so doing, he treats Bez autorytetu as a form of a modern essay which developed in the conditions of mature modernism, which was reflected in the various attempts at transcending modernistic conditions, both formal and conceptual.
EN
The aim of the article is to determine the position of popular science books for children and young people in Polish literary criticism and book studies, and to specify the terminology used by scholars. Opinions about such books have been formulated by theorists and practitioners of children’s books since the 19th century, with the criteria of their assessment changing in accordance with the current literary fashions and trends in pedagogy. Critics’ interest in such works was strong until the end of the 19th century, when books for children were expected mainly to serve utilitarian purposes. The phenomenon intensified especially in the era of positivism; among the most enthusiastic advocates of popular science books were Adolf Dygasiński and the co-editor of Bluszcz Maria Ilnicka. The stature of popular science books is also evidenced by the fact that their titles often appeared in recommended bibliographies at the time. A later change in the perception of the tasks of literature for the youngest readers diminished the critics’ interest in such works. In addition, there was a growing rift between literary criticism and pedagogical-library criticism. In communist Poland the perception of popular science books was also affected by the promotion of works not suited to the expectations and needs of the readers. Today, the stature of popular science books rises with their market success and innovative projects in the area. That is why there are numerous reviews of such works in professional journals (Guliwer, Nowe Książki, Świat Książki Dziecięcej etc.) and websites (Mądre książki, 10 książek: na start do nauki etc.) as well as studies devoted to the history and evolution in the content and editorial form of such publications, and their usefulness in the teaching and self-education of young readers.
EN
The article discusses three elements characteristic of the works of the poet, prose writer and performer Adam Kaczanowski, which resulted in the poor visibility of his achievements in the critical literary discourse after 2000. The first issue concerns the convention of “onirism, which stands firmly on earth” (or “wide realism”), which did not allow Kaczanowski to enter into the binary system “experience versus language” visible in the most important critical literary approaches of the last dozen or so years. The second issue is Kaczanowski’s critique of late capitalism ideology – the hero of this article touched upon this problem at a time when the economic situation favored primarily post-transformation, liberal and libertarian narrations. The third thread is related to the strategy of contesting the status quo: whereas from the late 1990s in the poetry and accompanying discourses the most popular category was irony, Kaczanowski used humor as a tool of subversion (both irony and humor are defined after Gilles Deleuze). 
11
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Napięcia kierunkowe w Śniegu

82%
EN
The article describes the hidden political content of the novel Snow (in Turkish: Kar) written by the Nobel winner Orhan Pamuk. Snow is analyzed in terms of tensions between artistic abstraction and realism.
PL
Próba odwrócenia politycznej „życiowej treści” powieści Śnieg (tur. Kar) tureckiego noblisty Orhana Pamuka z artystycznej abstrakcji do rzeczywistości.
12
81%
EN
The review deals with the comparative analysis of the second edition of the book by Kharkiv literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Professor Leonid Genrikhovich Frizman (1935–2018) “In the circles of literary critics: Memoirs essays”, published in Kyiv and Moscow in 2017. The history of the book is described in the context of the author’s creative practices and similar experiences of Russian and Ukrainian literary critics; its substantive focus, the concept embodied in it, the personal composition, style, architectonics, illustrative component and artistic design are characterized in the review. The focus is on the study of the semantic role of the corrections and additions, made by the author in the second edition. The analysis takes into account the existing critical experience of perception of the first edition of memoirs in Russia to avoid unnecessary repetition.
EN
This article shows the outline of problems connected with censoring Czesław Miłosz’s literary output in Poland in the 1950s, when the poet breaks off with the national government and chooses political asylum in France, becoming an émigré. The article looks into (in the space of decade) the periods of particularly tightened control towards Miłosz, shows how the censorship was tightening and relaxing when it came to his name. In the Polish October several poems and an excerpt from the novel The Seizure of Power was published, though – despite publishing advertisements – none of the poet’s books came out.
PL
The article refers to the work of Ukrainian researchers devoted to expressionism, such as O. Chernenko, M. Moklytsi, A. Biloi, O. Osmak, G. Yastrubetskoyi and others. It defi nes the main directions of research and characterizes researchers by their theoretical concepts, focusing on the names of the writers who are called the representatives of Ukrainian literary expressionism. Attention is paid to the fact that the theories may often be similar but researchers represent diff erent series of names and works. This requires further development of the theory of expressionism and the Ukrainian literature study in this aspect.
EN
This article shows the outline of problems connected with censoring Czesław Miłosz’s literary output in Poland in the 1950s, when the poet breaks off with the national government and chooses political asylum in France, becoming an émigré. The article looks into (in the space of decade) the periods of particularly tightened control towards Miłosz, shows how the censorship was tightening and relaxing when it came to his name. In the Polish October several poems and an excerpt from the novel The Seizure of Power was published, though – despite publishing advertisements – none of the poet’s books came out.
17
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Próba stworzenia nowego kanonu

81%
EN
The article discusses the anthology ...czterdzieści i cztery. Figury literackie. Nowy kanon (Warsaw 2016) dedicated to the literary figures of women who contributed to the formation of collective imagination. One of the great assets of the reviewedvolumepublished byWomen Archive at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences is the modern methodology. The research tools from such field as feminist critique, gender and queer studies as well as postcolonial criticism do not obliterate historical context of the analyzed works but they offer the opportunities for fresh readings of literary figures and the previously neglected literary space. Consequently, the discussed anthology succeeds in redefining Polish literary canon.
EN
The article is a reconstruction of the literary criticisms that appeared in the publication of Wiry, the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz. It presents both the acclamatory and radically critical reviews. The last part reconstructs the portrait of the author himself, which emerges from the polarized oppositions of a patriot, provocateur and sage-fool.
19
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Portret i marzenie

80%
EN
In this article, the author discusses and reviews Andrzej Lam’s book Portrety i spotkania (Pułtusk–Warszawa 2014) which is a collection of studies of German poets from the Middle Ages until the mid-20th century. The author highlights the coherence of the publication consisting of texts written in the past 30 years. Originally, they were allocated different functions, but in Lam’s book they seem homogenous and mutually complementary. Lam’s homogenous position results from the writer’s attitude: very skilfully, he makes use of structuring tools, heading towards a hermeneutic desire to provide an outline of the writers emerging from the texts and connected with them. The author also presents the literary criticism aspect of the book: in the second part, Lam is predominantly a historian of literary criticism and its active participant.
EN
The objective of the present article is to analyze Sine ira, the cycle of sketches by Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki, as a testimony of Stefan Żeromski’s impact on shaping historical and political ideas of his times, but also as the new manner the works of a known artist functioned on the pages of „Illustrated Weekly”. After having presented current reviews and publication of Żeromski’s oeuvre, in 1912 the editors of the Warsaw journal offer its readers a critical overview of The History of Sin and Rose, both inspired by the revolution of 1905-1907. The accusations unmasking the “errors” in thinking and writing about the revolution formulated by the journalist take into consideration particularly the recipient’s perspective. These accusations are becoming part of the journal’s strategy to inform about conflicts, current in the context of growing antagonisms in Europe.
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