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Acta onomastica
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2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
45-54
EN
Humankind was destroyed during a nuclear war. This is the beginning of the last novel of B. Malamud, God’s Grace. The only man who survived was Calvin Cohn. On a boat he found a speaking chimpanzee and then a group of chimpanzees and baboons on an island. Cohn as a new biblical Adam gave names to the monkeys. There are two different sorts of these names – biblical ones playing a role of nomen omen and describing characters on one hand and names of Cohn’s family members and friends on the other hand – names which were part of Cohn’s past life, his memory.
EN
The present paper is devoted to the question of literary onomastics in the texts of a bilingual author. In discussing this problem, we focus on how literary characters are named in selected dramas by Tadeusz Rittner, which have both a Polish and a German version. A detailed analysis includes a comparison of names and surnames used by the author to identify his characters. We indicate differences in the choice of specific types of proper names and in their forms, which result from different customs and onomastic systems in each of Rittner’s languages, as well as from separate Polish and German linguistic etiquettes, determining the use of particular proper names. In addition, the analyses emphasize Rittner’s attention to onomastic and cultural reality that he introduced to his works, which confirms his linguistic and communicative competence in both Polish and German in this domain.
PL
Juliusz Machulski-one of the representatives of the Polish authors’ cinema-is a director recognized by the generations of the audience. His oeuvre is distinguished by characteristic features such as inseparable comedic traits, critical comment on reality and an artistic attitude to the Polish language spoken by his film characters. During the analysis of the linguistic layer of the movies by Machulski, it is worthwhile to signal at least the role of anthroponyms, since proper names-according to research from the circle of literary onomastics-perform equally important function in creating stylization like other linguistic endeavours. Personal -onyms in the films by Juliusz Machulski combine certain common characteristics: they may be used for co-creation of onomastic realism (then, they are a kind of costume), but they also may attest to a consequent (repeating in many films), experimental predilection of the author – for Anglicization, for constructing a network of intertextual references or for creation of pseudonyms or meaningful surnames.
EN
The paper deals with the rendering of English personal proper names in the German translation of the novel by J.R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings. The analysis includes the use of translation techniques and the evaluation of the choice of equivalents based on the equivalence theory of W. Koller. In the empirically determined translation strategies a consistent method for the choice of equivalents can be recognized. The exact imitation of the form (in both its structure and sound) and the preservation of semantic equivalence are undisputed benefits of this successful transla-tional performance.
EN
The paper deals with the state of research on literary/stylistic onomastics as an auxiliary science of stylistics. The typology of styles allows the inclusion of research on stylistic nomenclature within the research on text style, an author’s individual style, as well as type styles. Post-modern changes in the understanding of literariness, the interest of literary onomastics in para-literary genres, and the functioning of names in the modern media, religious and political discourse make it necessary to think about the appro- priateness of further use of the term literary onomastics. The use of the original name of the field of research on names in texts would be more precise: the term stylistic onomastics might refer to the functioning of the sphere of proper names in a particular style of the Polish language. It would not exclude a literary or artistic text from the sphere of interest, and it would introduce proper names characteristic for other styles of the Polish language, such as political, media, religious, scientific and advertisement styles, in the stream of research.
EN
The article is based on an analysis of chrematonyms which are used in fifteen plays written for the Jára Cimrman Theatre. Firstly the article deals with the difficulties with the analysis of this group of literary proper names. The main part of the article discusses the use of the functions of literary chrematonyms. Last part discusses real chrematonyms and fictitious chrematonyms.
EN
The main aim of this article is to present a new method of analysing the expressive function of characters’ proper names in a novel. Although this role was identified over half a century ago, it has not received scholars’ attention and nearly no research has been done to advance its study. The onomastic material examined in this paper comes from the “Harry Potter” series and includes over one hundred and thirty “nomina propria” that serve the expressive function either from the moment of naming or in particular acts of using the name.
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Literární vlastní jména a jejich překlad

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EN
Literary onomastics should pay more attention to the problem of translation of proper names in literature. In translation practice we can see three general attitudes: domestication (substitution of original names by Czech ones), exotization (leaving of original names unchanged because of their exotic atmosphere) or a mix of these methods (some names are translated, some are not). 1 have described several methods of translating proper names: caique (word-for-word translation), transcription (representing a name from one script in another), substitution (change of an original name), explication (adding of information) and generalization (change of a proper name into a common noun).
EN
The Hussite Trilogy by Andrzej Sapkowski, comprising the volumes: Narrenturm, Warriors of God and Lux perpetua, is a novel cycle unusually rich in proper names. Nomina propria are a significant element of the linguistic aspect of each literary work, as they obtain extra functions in the text, becoming carriers of artistic values. The article focuses on the most important roles proper names play in The Hussite Trilogy. The author discusses first of all the functions distinguished by Aleksander Wilkoń: locational (based on time and space), sociological, content-based, allusive and expressive, and the comical function introduced into the research on literary onomastics by Maciej Szelewski.
PL
The article is dedicated to description of proper names functions in chosen narrative poem of Passion literature of Polish Baroque. Analyzed proper names in Pamiątka krwawej ofiary Pana Zbawiciela naszego Jezusa Chrystusa (1610) by Abraham Rożniatowski are mainly connected with metaphysical sphere of culture, majority of them is conventional, primarily drawn from Bible. The main function of proper names is to describe the Passion in influential way and to show the people how grievous and savage it was. The onomastic field of the narrative poem is strictly related to religious cult of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska popular in Poland in Baroque times.
EN
This article deals with new impulses that onomastics adopts from other disciplines and that can enrich “classical” methods used for the study of proper names. It is apparent that if the research is to be as complex as possible, it is necessary to analyse both proper names and onymical systems from various points of view and to employ various methods. Given the interdisciplinary nature of onomastics, it is worth taking into account not only the findings of linguistic disciplines, but also those of extra-linguistic branches.
Onomastica
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2014
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vol. 58
349-362
XX
PROPER NAMES IN THE BAROQUE VERSE NOVEL — TOWARD GENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORKS OF HIERONIM MORSZTYN This article is an attempt to analyze proper names in the selected literary genre and conducted from the perspective of linguistic genology enriched with theoretical textual and stylistic reflection. The names in the Baroque verse novel, represented by four works of Hieronym Morsztyn, are an essential element of the construction of the text and an indicator of the genre style; furthermore, they can signal the foreignness of western models adopted in Polish literary works, and can also refer back to ancient heritage as an expression of European cultural heritage.
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Česká teorie literární onomastiky

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EN
Literary onomastics is relatively young discipline of research. We can find few articles about literary names in 1950’s. However, literary names have been studying systematically since 1970 in our country. Especially analysis of concrete literary work and work of one author were in a centre of interest in the first period of research. They were focused on language structure of names, choosing or creating names, their aesthetic function etc. The first Czech theoretical article about names in literature was written by K. Hausenblas in 1976. In the second period of research (in 1980’s) many material studies were published. Especially literary anthroponyms were analyzed. Problems of translation of names were discussed as well. Theoretical studies of this period were concentrated on functions and social aspects of literary names (e. g. M. Knappová, M. Majtán). In 1990 the first conference about literary onomastics took place in Prešov (Slovakia). Since 1990’s literary onomastics has been also occupying by literary toponyms or zoonyms. Many diploma theses were written about names in literature. However, there were felt a lack of theoretical and methodological background (R. Šrámek). Important studies were published during last years (D. Hodrová, L. Jungmannová). In 2008 the second conference about literary onomastics was organized in Hradec Králové.
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Specifika literárních antroponym

70%
EN
There is not a general agreement which kind of names should be considered to be “literary names”. According to my opinion ALL names in literary work are literary. However, not only proper names are able to identify character, in some cases (depending on the context of the whole story) some appellatives can be interpreted in the same way as proper names. Names create special structure in the text. Recognizing of this structure is a part of reader’s activity during the process of reading. Names can give us information about time and location of the story. We can confront names in literary work with real onomastic system. Literary names can be authentic (calling real historical persons or places), realistic (names existing in real system) and fictive (created by the author). The knowledge of the character is very important for our understanding of names. There are different ways of calling literary persons, animals, living machines or creatures. The last part of my paper is focused on literary names in communication. I distinguish three kinds of communication: inside the text (using names between characters, calling etc.), inter-text (associations with character from another text who have the same name) and social (names from well-known literary works and their using as parts of general culture knowledge).
EN
This paper analyzes biblical names in Trylogia husycka (Narrenturm, Boży bojownicy and Lux perpetua) written by Andrzej Sapkowski. Anthroponyms, theonyms, names of monsters and demons, ethnonyms, toponyms, chrononyms and names of stars are derived from the New Testament and the Old Testament and appear primarily in dialogues and sermons. Biblical names used by the heroes prove their erudition and their extensive knowledge of the Holy Bible. Biblical names in Trylogia husycka are endowed with many functions. They serve as allusions or intertextual references; they also enrich the novels with didactic values. Such names indicate when the action of the novels takes place; they characterize people and places by their metaphorical meanings, too. They also perform the emotive function and the humorous function. Biblical names are a very important part of the onomastic layer of Trylogia husycka.
Poradnik Językowy
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2022
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vol. 798
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issue 9
73-89
PL
This article presents the results of an analysis covering a portion of the vocabulary found in Wacław Potocki’s literary works. The examination of the lexical structure of the poet’s writings was limited to the biblical proper names coming from the three-volume edition of the poet’s Dzieła (Works) (Kukulski 1987). The material was excerpted using the corpus method and the Electronic Corpus of 17th- and 18th-century Polish Texts (until 1772). The aim of this article is to divide the collected biblisms according to the onomastic classification and to discuss the findings of their functional analysis. The Bible was a significant source of creative and ideological inspiration for the 17th-century author, which was reflected in the presented collection of proper names, with the anthroponyms that fulfilled allusive and content functions winning the greatest share. The study is concluded with a compilation of the outcomes of the comparative analysis performed with regard to the frequency of biblical proper names, certified in W. Potocki’s Dzieła and in the corpus of Baroque texts.
EN
The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) whose 750th anniversary is celebrated in 2015 represents a most interesting model of universe combining it with the allegory of the political situation in Tuscany in the eye of the Trcento society. The book is also famous for an extensive number of the names of notable people and places known in the poet´s time. The paper is going to be a study of the onymic space involving personalia and place names in part Inferno of Dante´s Divine Comedy and an attempt to present the worldview of the early 14th century through the proper names used in the poem. The classification-based onymic analysis based on the may show that Dante´s work is special among other masterpieces of the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance as it established a literary tradition of making references to current events incorporating the names of real people and places.
Onomastica
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 2
103-118
EN
There are many studies concerning Wisława Szymborska’s works, especially in the field of literary studies. Researchers (including S. Balbus, E. Balcerzan, A. Legeżyńska) have discussed in detail the features and the most important themes of her poetry. They also paid attention to stylistic devices and language games used by the poet. However, they were little interested in the onymic layer of her poems. Meanwhile, Szymborska’s poetry is a rich source of proper names, which appear independently or constitute elements of metaphors and comparisons. Among these onyms, there are both anthroponyms and place names, hydronyms and ideonyms. The poet’s oeuvre also includes works devoid of proper names, which is also an important signal of textual functions (e.g. concealment, evanescence, uncertainty). The conducted analyses (e.g. of the poem “Portrait of a woman”) show how the analysis of proper names enriches the interpretative conclusions.
PL
Utwory Wisławy Szymborskiej doczekały się wielu opracowań, zwłaszcza literaturoznawczych. Badacze (np. S. Balbus, E. Balcerzan, A. Legeżyńska) szczegółowo omówili najważniejsze tematy tej poezji oraz cechy jej poetyki. Zwracali też uwagę na  zabiegi stylistyczne  oraz stosowane przez poetkę gry językowe. Jednak w niewielkim stopniu interesowała ich warstwa onimiczna wierszy. Tymczasem poezja Szymborskiej jest źródłem bogatego zbioru nazw własnych, występujących samodzielnie lub stanowiących człony metafor i porównań. Są to zarówno antroponimy, jak i nazwy miejscowe, hydronimy oraz ideonimy. W dorobku poetki są też utwory pozbawione nazw własnych, co także jest sygnałem funkcji tekstowych (np. przemilczenia, przemijania, niepewności). Przeprowadzone analizy (np. wiersza „Portret kobiecy”) pokazują, jak objęcie obserwacją nazw własnych wpływa na wzbogacenie interpretacyjnych wniosków.
EN
The paper discusses the motive behind the subsequent naming of sheep (Ovis aries) in the poem Sheep written by the contemporary Serbian poet Matija Bećković, who in the dialectic poetry of the tribe Rovca from Montenegro, gave in the poetic form (synaesthesia, figure of speech) rich catalogue of over 160 names for ewes and rams. The poet Matija Bećković observed sheep − the most abundant domestic animal in the tribe Rovca − from several aspects: ethnographic, ethno-linguistic, etymological and onomastic. In the Serbian tradition, sheep (Ovis aries) and bees (Apis) are considered to be sacred animals. The poem „Sheep“ is an example of how in literary onomastics (i.e. literary zoonyms) an inventory of names for sheep can be given, and that it can be reliably compared with the linguistic study of Mato Pižurica „From Onomastics of Rovca“. The focus of our theme is on the names of sheep that were subsequently changed due to the later acquired traits „Sto imena sam jednoj mijenjao, / nadijevao i predijevao” (for example: Slomiroga − sheep who broke the horn, Kusorepa − sheep who broke the leg; Čaktaruša − sheep which carries čaktar, i.e. a bell.). Professor Stefan Warchol, the researcher of Slavic zoonyms, believes that the names of sheep are a reliable resource for determining directions of people’s migrations during Middle Ages.
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Vývoj polské, české a slovenské zoonomastiky

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Acta onomastica
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2012
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vol. 53
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issue 1
169-186
EN
The paper presents a survey of the study of animal names in West Slavic languages. Within the scope of the survey were the onomastic works from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The author of the paper has distinguished four main areas of animal names study: the study of animal names in rural areas, of animal names in literature, of animal names in zoos, and of animal names in cities; and has analyzed all of them. The survey revealed that there is a significant disproportion in the number of works published on animal names in the three countries. The topic has been investigated most thoroughly by Polish linguists, and a number of valuable papers has been published in Slovakia. The most popular area of the study has been the study of animal names in rural areas.
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