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EN
The history of the biblical text constitutes one of the significant threads in the history of humanity and especially in the history of the West. The Latin version of the biblical text has been particularly inscribed in history. This version, inconspicuous at the beginning, became the paramount element of the Church life and its diverse influence. The subject of this study is the reconstruction of those origins up to the times of St. Jerome, whose life and contribution were permanently inscribed in the history of the Latin text of the Bible. In particular, we endeavour to display what literary and theological criteria were applied while creating Bible’s text in Latin and what their meaning was. Concurrently, we try to emphasise the contribution of certain theorists who actively participated in this theological and cultural process.
PL
Dzieje tekstu biblijnego stanowią jeden z ważnych wątków w dziejach kultury ludzkiej, a zwłaszcza kultury zachodniej. W szczególny sposób w te dzieje wpisała się wersja łacińska tekstu biblijnego, który, wychodząc od skromnych początków, stał się kluczowym elementem życia Kościoła i jego wielorakiego oddziaływania. Rekonstrukcja tych początków do czasów św. Hieronima, którego postać i dzieło na trwałe wpisały się w dzieje łacińskiego tekstu Biblii, stanowi przedmiot niniejszego opracowania. W szczególny sposób staramy się uchwycić, jakimi kryteriami literackimi i teologicznymi kierowano się przy opracowywaniu tekstu biblijnego w wersji łacińskiej i jakie było ich znaczenie. Zostaje podkreślony zwłaszcza wkład niektórych teoretyków, którzy w tym procesie teologicznym i kulturowym aktywnie uczestniczyli.
EN
The article focuses the story of the martyrdom of 60 Christian soldiers in Gaza who were executed for their refusal to convert to Islam during the Muslim inva­sion of Palestine. It is a final episode of varied Christian history of that region. Christian history of Gaza appears as complex and fascinating. In this region in the 4th century paganism was still strong but the monastic life developed in the vicinity of Gaza. Literary sources annotated the anti-Chalcedonian resistance of monastic circles in the wake of the council of Chalcedon. Christian history of the Gaza region ended dramatically with the Arab conquest in the 7th century. Just at that time a group of Christian soldiers refused the offer of the commander of the winners Muslims. The narrative of their martyrdom was preserved in a Latin translation of a Greek original. According to the text of the Passio, the Christian soldiers were executed in two groups: at Jerusalem and at Eleutheropolis. Bi­shop Sophronius of Jerusalem intervened in favor of these Martyrs and comforted them. He also gained the palm of martyrdom. The Passio in two different Latin recensions reveals a relatively neglected aspect in the history of the Holy Land during the period of heightened religious tension.
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