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PL
The article is an analysis of a text by a well-known Polish mountaineer in the context of „mountain” literature (mountaineering, climbing). It is a specific subcultural literature that sits between non-fiction and autobiographical literature, written by mountaineers for mountaineers and lovers of this specific sport. The text points to the uniqueness of Chinese maharaja within the ranks of typical mountaineering literature (creative narrative, specific worldview, broad audience).
EN
Experiencing physical and mental boundaries has always been part of mountaineering. However, over the last 150 years we have witnessed a process in which, in climbers’ accounts, mountaineering and climbing become more and more important as liminal experiences. While in the so-called “golden age” of mountaineering (1850–1865) the authors focused on the first ascents of well-known summits and during the “heroic mountaineering” stage (1930s) they described primarily traverses of increasingly difficult routes, what comes to the fore in contemporary autobiographical works of professional climbers is the representation of subjective and individual liminal experiences. In recent autobiographies climbing gains importance as an individual quest for experiences and is presented as a form of self-fulfilment: liminal experiences of climbers become moments shaping their identity. The process is reflected in the style of climbing, which has evolved from collective expeditions to radical solo climbs. Speed or free solo climbs are an example of such an individualistic approach, in which grappling with oneself gets at least as much attention as grappling with the mountain. The authors of the article explore, from the perspective of literary studies and sociology, the representation of liminal experiences as identity-shaping moments in contemporary autobiographical works by Lynn Hill (Climbing Free, 2002), Catherine Destivelle (Ascensions, 2003), Alex Honnold (Alone on the Wall, 2015) and Andy Kirkpatrick (Psychovertical, 2008).
EN
Experiencing physical and mental boundaries has always been part of mountaineering. However, over the last 150 years we have witnessed a process in which, in climbers’ accounts, mountaineering and climbing become more and more important as liminal experiences. While in the so-called “golden age” of mountaineering (1850–1865) the authors focused on the first ascents of well-known summits and during the “heroic mountaineering” stage (1930s) they described primarily traverses of increasingly difficult routes, what comes to the fore in contemporary autobiographical works of professional climbers is the representation of subjective and individual liminal experiences. In recent autobiographies climbing gains importance as an individual quest for experiences and is presented as a form of self-fulfilment: liminal experiences of climbers become moments shaping their identity. The process is reflected in the style of climbing, which has evolved from collective expeditions to radical solo climbs. Speed or free solo climbs are an example of such an individualistic approach, in which grappling with oneself gets at least as much attention as grappling with the mountain. The authors of the article explore, from the perspective of literary studies and sociology, the representation of liminal experiences as identity-shaping moments in contemporary autobiographical works by Lynn Hill (Climbing Free, 2002), Catherine Destivelle (Ascensions, 2003), Alex Honnold (Alone on the Wall, 2015) and Andy Kirkpatrick (Psychovertical, 2008).
EN
The article is an analysis of Adam Skoczylas’ Cztery dni słońca (Four Days of Sunshine) and Victor Saunders’ Elusive Summits, works that are part of mountain literature, the boundaries of which are set, on the one hand, by the unique context of writing involving a close relation between life and work; and on the other by unique reception involving a relation between the author and the reader based on shared experiences, on which this reception depends. The factor that became a condition for the emergence of such literature was a unique way of looking at the mountains, characteristic of mountaineers exploring the Tatras, the Alps and then also the Himalayas. It becomes a starting point for narrative as well as a condition for forming a reader group. A characteristic feature of the works discussed in the article is their narrative emphasising the intensity of sensations accompanying experiences in the mountains.
Świat i Słowo
|
2020
|
vol. 35
|
issue 2
281-299
EN
The article is an analysis of a text by a well-known Polish mountaineer in the context of „mountain” literature (mountaineering, climbing). It is a specific subcultural literature that sits between non-fiction and autobiographical literature, written by mountaineers for mountaineers and lovers of this specific sport. The text points to the uniqueness of Chinese maharaja within the ranks of typical mountaineering literature (creative narrative, specific worldview, broad audience).
EN
The article interprets Velebit as a space of peripatetic literature beginning, naturally, with Petar Zoranić’s Planine (written in 1536 and published in 1569) wherein, in addition to a personal psychogram on conventional lovesickness (“beteg”), the author problematizes the general situation in his “scattered heritage” (“rasuta bašćina”) (under Ottoman and Venetian threat). As opposed to Zoranić’s imaginary voyage formulated as an allegorical voyage of enlightenment along the paths of Velebit, Edo Popović, in his trans-genre Priručnik za hodače (The Walkers’ Manual) (2009), 440 years after Zoranić (to introduce some symbolism), with his zen-roamings in Velebit and his principle of “voluntary poverty,” as mirrored in Henry David Thoreau’s ecological matrix, equally discloses sociograms of not only “scattered heritage”, but of the global world order, as well. The trilogy of travel writings, of this hiking literature by Edo Popović, can be defined as peripatetic literature about Velebit. Yet it has to be stressed that these are travel writings, namely hiking literature with an engaged attitude toward reality.
PL
W artykule pasmo górskie Welebit interpretowane jest jako przestrzeń literatury perypatetycznej. Autorka na początku skupia się na powieści pasterskiej Petara Zoranicia Planine (napisanej w 1536 roku, wydanej w 1569), w której autor oprócz osobistych opisów o konwencjonalnej miłosnej „bolączce” problematyzuje też ogólną sytuację o „rozproszonym dziedzictwie” (niebezpieczeństwo ze strony Turków i Wenecjan). W odróżnieniu od wyimaginowanej podróży Zoranicia, wykoncypowanej jako alegoryczna podróż poznawcza na welebickich szlakach, Edo Popović w transgatunkowym utworze Priručnik za hodače (2009) – swoimi wędrówkami zen po Welebicie oraz z życiową zasadą „dobrowolnego ubóstwa” – w ślad za matrycą ekologiczną zaproponowaną przez Henry’ego Davida Thoreau, 440 lat po powieści Zoranicia (by wprowadzić nieco symboliki) ujawnia socjogramy nie tylko „rozproszonego dziedzictwa”, ale także globalnego porządku świata. Trylogię relacji z podróży, literaturę górską Edo Popovicia można określić jako literaturę perypatetyczną o Welebicie, ze wskazaniem, że jest to opis podróży, literatura górska o zaangażowanym stosunku do rzeczywistości.
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