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EN
The author declares Stanisław Przybyszewski as one of the precursors of the modern recognition of subject as a broken entity, aware of internal contradictions, and therefore unable to constitute itself, unreconciled with being, turning into and enemy of itself. The Young Poland writer portrayed as an exponent of ontological uncertainty that characterised thinking about man and the world throughout the twentieth century. Analysing works from different stages of his career, the author finds that their heroes are not an aftermath of the epidemic of pessimism, but a reflection of a deeper anthropological crisis, one that lead, after Przybyszewski’s death, through Sartre’s existentialism to the postmodern proclamation of “death of the subject.” The author also indicates that Przybyszewski’s characters suffer from vagueness and elusiveness of their own selves, until they lose the sense of self, experiencing a crisis of rationalism and plunging into the cultural matrix.
EN
Artykuł dotyczy modelującej dla literackich epifanii funkcji doświadczenia wygnania. Punktem wyjścia jest ukazanie znaczenia tego doświadczenia w formacyjnym dla literatury modernistycznej ujęciu epifanii przez Jamesa Joyce’a. Przykłady z twórczości Czesława Miłosza Zbigniewa Herberta są wglądami w dwie ważne reinterpretacje epifanii ugruntowane w doświadczeniu wygnania.
PL
The article is concerned with the function of the experience of exile that is a modeling one for literary epiphanies. The starting point is showing the significance of this experience in James Joyce’s presentation of epiphany that is a formative one for Moderrn literature. Examples from Czesław Miłosz’s and Zbigniew Herbert’s works are material for interpreting two important reinterpretations of epiphany grounded in the experience of exile.
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