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SL
Predmet analize v pričujočem prispevku je slovenski prevod Dnevnika Witolda Gombrowicza (1904—1969). Prevod je specifične narave, saj je prevajalec v njem skrajšal izvirno besedilo — sam je torej odločal, kateri odlomki Dnevnika bodo na voljo bralcu. Avtor prispevka predpostavlja, da je na prevajalčeve odločitve vplivala njegova slovenska literarna zavest. V kontekstu slovenske literature deluje dnevnik predvsem kot pričevanje o določenem času, redkeje pa kot literarna zvrst, zato je skrajšanje izvirnega teksta postopek, ki ga prevajalci dopuščajo. Avtor prispevka nato najde primere, v katerih je skrajšanje izvirnika vendarle spremenilo njegovo sporočilo. V zaključku avtor ugotavlja, da je v primeru prevoda Gombrowiczevega Dnevnika upravičeno reči, da je njegov prevajalec hkrati soavtor besedila, saj se prevod zaradi njegovih odločitev v številnih odlomkih oddaljuje od izvirnika — obenem pa ponuja nove pomene. Na prevajalčeve rešitve je imelo brez dvoma velik vpliv dejstvo, da ima dnevnik kot literarna zvrst drugačen položaj v okviru izvirne in ciljne (v tem primeru slovenske) kulture.
EN
The subject of the analysis made in the article is the translation of Witold Gombrowicz’s Diary (1904—1969) into the Slovenian language. This translation has a specific character, because the translator has shortened the original text — he decides what fragment of the work will reach the reader. The author of the article assumes that Slovenian literary consciousness is shown in the translator’s decision. With this in mind the Diary is treated mainly as a testimony of time, and less often as a literary piece, therefore intervention such as shortening is admissible. Then the author shows examples in which shortening the text changed its meaning. In the conclusions the author acknowledges that in the case of interpreting the translation, one can view the translator as a co‑author of the work. As a result of his decision the work strays in many places from the shape of the original — however it also creates separate senses. The translator’s solutions were determined by different location of this literary kind in the sphere of the Polish culture and the culture receiving the work (Slovenian).
EN
Between the years 1990 and 2006, about 50 Polish books (poetry, prose and drama) were translated in already independent Slovenia, also a lot of single poems, short stories and fragments of more substantial compositions. Slovene macrochoices from Polish literature on the one hand constitute continuation of the traditional presence in the Slovene culture, on the other hand they result from increasing language and encyclopedic competencies of the translators. The choices are defined by four criteria: Polishness, empathy, the desire to get to know the Polish mentality, the historically‑literal process and personal motivation. The authors of choices and translations of Polish literature are translators belonging to many generations, differently evaluating the needs of a Slovene reader and the character of Polish literature and mentality. Although Polish literature is distinctly present in the Slovene literary life, in the Slovene choices from it dominates perspective of strangeness, with which translators from different generations familiarise the native recepient, choosing works belonging to the canon and often to the opposite pole.
SL
V letih 1990—2006 je bilo v že samostojni Sloveniji prevedenih okoli 50 poljskih knjig (s področij poezije, proze in dramatike), ob tem pa še veliko posameznih pesmi in pripovedi ter fragmentov večjih literarnih enot. V teh slovenskih izborih poljske literature lahko po eni strani vidimo nadaljevanje njene tradicionalne navzočnosti v slovenski kulturi, po drugi pa izhajajo iz čedalje širših jezikovno‑enciklopedijskih kompetenc prevajalcev. Opredeljujejo jih (izbore) štirje kriteriji: poljskost, empatija, potreba po spoznanju poljske mentalitete in literarnozgodovinskega procesa ter osebna motivacija. Avtorji izborov in prevodov poljske literature so prevajalci, ki pripadajo različnim rodovom in imajo različne poglede na potrebe slovenskega bralca in značaj poljske literature ter mentalitete. Čeprav pripada poljski literaturi v slovenskem literarnem življenju opazno mesto, prevajalske izbore iz nje narekuje opažanje drugačnosti, ki jo prevajalci različnih generacij domačemu prejemniku približujejo skozi izbor del, pripadajočih kanonu, pogosto pa tudi z besedili s slednjemu prav nasprotnega pola.
SL
Na podlagi pregleda prevodov slovenske literature na Češkem in Poljskem v zadnjih sedemnajstih letih avtorica pokaže razlike in podobnosti med kulturno podobo Slovenije v zavesti teh dveh narodov. Obdobje razdeli na dva dela, pred letom 2000, ko za leposlovne prevode iż slovenščine skrbijo predvsem posamezni prevajalci t. i. starejše generacije, in po njem, ko je v obeh deželah zaradi priliva nove generacije prevajalcev opazen bistven porast knijžnih prevodov. Analiza leposlovnih prevodov w knijžni obliki, pa tudi prevodov, objavljenih v periodičnem tisku in na spletu, je pokazala, da je med stanjem w češkem in poljskem prostoru še vedno opaziti bistveno nesorazmerje.
EN
In this review od Czech and Polish translations of Slovene literature in the past 17 years, the author shows diversity and resemblance in the cultural image of Slovenia in the collective consciousness of the two nations. The chosen era of research falls into two distinct periods. In the first, before the year 2000, the translations lied solely on the shoulders of individual translators, members of the „old” generation. The second period is characterized with a great outburst of translated Slovene literature by the young generation of traslators. Trough analysis and comparison of translated books and translations published in journals and on the internet in the Czech Republic and Poland the author draws our attention to the discrepancy in the amount of translated publications. The article explores the possible reasons for these changes and differences in the field of Slovene translated literature in the two related countries.
EN
The article deals with the role of comment (as a kind of paratext), which gains a particular status in translation, becoming an additional medium between the author/translator/editor and the primary text and the secondary recipient as well as their cultural universe. This seems important because the translated text is to function in a new environment, a new cultural space; it is supposed to find its way to a new audience, and thus this type of expressions “support” translation in its most important role of a link in cross-cultural communication. The role, nature, and importance of paratext-comments (introductions, prefaces, postscripts) have been examined in the context of translations of Slovenian literature in Poland basing on selected examples. Both the comments of experts-researchers, as well as interpreters themselves, have been taken into consideration. The author notes that, from the ethical point of view, a commentary becomes contributive to the slow process of the recipient realizing the presence of an interpreter and inter-subjective nature of translation, extracts the unfamiliar categories of perception and understanding of the world, brings them closer, making the gesture of seeking “imagined communities”.
SR
Članek obravnava vlogo komentarja (kot vrsto parateksta), ki pridobi svojevrsten status v prevodu, tako da postane dodatna oblika posredovanja med avtorjem / prevajalcem / založnikom in izvirnim besedilom ter naslovnikom prevoda in njegovim kulturnim univerzumom. To se zdi pomembno, saj naj bi prevedeno besedilo zaživelo v novem okolju in kulturnem prostoru, našlo naj bi pot do novega občinstva, torej taka vrsta izraza “podpira” prevod v njegovi verjetno najbolj pomembni vlogi posrednika v medkulturni komunikaciji. vloga, značaj in pomen paratekstov-komentarjev (uvodov, predgovorov, pripisov) so bili proučevani v okviru prevodov slovenske literature na Poljskem, in sicer na podlagi izbranih primerov. Upoštevani so bili komentarji tako raziskovalcev-strokovnjakov kot tudi samih prevajalcev. avtorica ugotavlja, da komentar v etičnem pogledu prispeva k počasnemu procesu uzaveščenja naslovnika o prevajalčevi prisotnosti in intersubjektivnega značaja prevoda, pridobiva neznane kategorije dojemanja in razumevanja sveta, jih približuje, s tem pa išče “pojmovno skupnost” (“imagined commu- nities”).
EN
The author has analyzed the translator’s footnotes in the Polish translation of Terra Incognita. The footnotes are problematic, because some people consider them a discredit to the translator, while others think them a sign of erudition. There is also a group of people, who say they are a solution to untranslatability, which is a result of the differences between the languages and cultures. They help to deliver the meaning. The author of the article searches and analyses if the translator was consistent while creating footnotes and if the information important provided in the process is essential and helpful for the reader to understand Slovenian culture. In other words, if the footnotes are a solution to the problems with the untranslatability.
SL
Avtorica članka je analizirala prevajalčeve opombe v poljski izdaji Terra incognita. Prevajalčeve opombe so problematično vprašanje, ker nekateri trdijo, da je to pomanjklivost prevajalca, drugi menijo, da opombe izražajo erudicijo. Obstaja tudi skupina, ki pravi, da so opombe rešitev neprevedljivosti, ki je posledica razlik med jeziki in kulturami, in omogoča sporočiti namen oz. pomen. Avtorica raziskuje in analizira, ali je bila prevajalka dosledna načinu zapisa in ali opombe prinašajo pomembne podatke, ki bodo v pomoč bralcu pri razumevanju slovenske kulture, torej ali opombe rešijo težave z neprevedljivostjo.
SL
V letih 2000—2013 je izšlo približno 160 knjižnih prevodov slovenske proze, poezije ali dramatike v italijanski jezik. Na podlagi bibliografskega popisa prispevek razčlenjuje najopaznejše kolikostne, kakovostne in estetske značilnosti obravnavanega prevodnega korpusa, jih primerja s predhodno recepcijo slovenskega leposlovja v italijanskem prostoru, podatkovno ugotavlja, kako se je od leta 2000 do danes, posebej po vstopu Slovenije v Evropsko unijo ter v schengensko brezcarinsko območje, znatno okrepilo slovensko-italijansko literarno dajdamstvo in hkrati argumentirano osvetljuje nekaj tipoloških, za prevodoslovje splošno povednih stalnic dialoga med številčno večjimi in manjšimi jeziki, literaturami, kulturami.
EN
Between 2000 and 2013, 160 volumes of Slovene poems, plays and prose texts were published in Italian translation. This article investigates this corpus of translations in terms of quantitative, qualitative and aesthetic issues, while also comparing it with previous receptions of Slovenian literature in the Italian cultural milieu and observing/stressing the significant increase in the literary exchange between Slovenia and Italy since 2000 (particulary after the entry of Slovenia into the European Union and the Schengen area). Within the field of Translation Studies, this article also illustrates some fundamental typological paradigms of dialogue between numerically large and small languages, literatures and cultures.
CS
Vrcholné prózy C. Kosmače Jarní den, Tantadruj a Balada o trubce a oblaku obsahují velké množství vlastních jmen, a to především reálných toponym z oblasti jihozápadního Slovinska, antroponym užívaných ve vesnickém prostředí v 1. polovině 20. století a přezdívek. Na základě analýzy originálu a překladu F. Benharta konstatujeme, že překladatel při práci s vlastními jmény volil především metodu transkripce (výpůjčky), méně často používá substituci, a to především u hypokoristik, a přezdívky nejčastěji doslovně překládá. Tímto přístupen zachovává, ba i silně podtrhuje kolorit slovinského prostředí, avšak na druhé straně ochuzuje čtenáře o některé organické prvky próz.
EN
Kosmač’s best prosaic works Spring Day, Tantadruj and Ballade on a Trumpet and a Cloud contain a great number of proper names, in particular, real toponyms from the South‑West of Slovenia, anthroponyms used in the village environment in the 1st half of the 20th century, and nicknames. Based on the analysis of the original texts and Benhart’s translation, we state that, when translating proper names, the translator used mostly transcription (loanwords), less frequently substitution, mainly for hypocorisms, and literal translation for nicknames. This approach maintains, even emphasizes, the atmosphere and color of the Slovenian environment, however, it also deprives readers of the organic elements of the original works.
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