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EN
Money plays an important economic role in the modern world – they are a medium of exchange, a measure of value, they shape the volume and structure of consumption. On the other hand, they also have psychological significance – they give a sense of security, and affect the self-esteem and motivation of people. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes of adolescents towards money in the context of their livelihoods. The analyses are a part of empirical research and concern one of the many aspects of the discussed topic. The study was conducted among 96 students of the Economics Faculty of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, representing people who maintain themselves from various sources. To verify the assumptions, a shortened scale of Attitudes Towards Money by Gąsiorowska was used together with a short questionnaire prepared by the authors regarding sources of income. The obtained research results indicate that there are relationships between some dimensions of attitudes towards money and the source of income.
PL
Pieniądze we współczesnym świecie odgrywają istotną rolę ekonomiczną – są środkiem wymiany, miernikiem wartości, kształtują wielkość i strukturę konsumpcji. Mają też znaczenie psychologiczne – dają poczucie bezpieczeństwa, wpływają na samoocenę oraz motywację ludzi. Celem artykułu jest ocena postaw adolescentów wobec pieniędzy w kontekście źródeł utrzymania. Przedstawione analizy stanowią wycinek badań empirycznych i dotyczą jednego z wielu aspektów poruszanego tematu. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 96 studentów Wydziału Ekonomicznego Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, osób utrzymujących się z różnych źródeł. Do weryfikacji założeń wykorzystano skróconą skalę postaw wobec pieniędzy Gąsiorowskiej oraz krótki autorski kwestionariusz ankiety dotyczący źródeł utrzymania. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że istnieją zależności między niektórymi wymiarami postaw wobec pieniędzy a źródłem utrzymania.
EN
National parks and protected areas can contribute significantly to the needs of poor people who live in and around them and depend heavily on forest resources for their subsistence. Especially for the rural poor who have limited economic options, use of national park resources are the main source for their survival, giving them direct benefits from food, medicine and forest products. National parks can contribute to maintaining the ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, along with the economic benefits to the local population. National parks and protected areas can play a significant role in climate change mitigation as well. Nevertheless, benefits from these areas are not well recognized in management especially in developing countries by incorporating them for climate change mitigation. Though usually more priority is given to conservation, improvement of livelihood and climate change mitigation can be achieved by integrating national parks into management and policy, and by consideration of the potential of human resources. Thus the integration can improve the poverty situation of local people and help them to adapt to climatic change mitigation strategies. Therefore, management of national parks and protected areas should ensure the participation of local communities and stakeholders.
EN
By reference to a multi-caste and tribal village in southern Rajasthan the paper examines the degree to which caste and tribal membership impacts on different aspects of migration, e.g. commencement, form, destination, duration, and types of work undertaken. Using a livelihoods approach, supplemented by other perspectives and concentrating on four migration streams (three domestic, one international), data collected over a period of nearly thirty-five years indicates that patterns of migration are far from random. It is argued that the use of official stratification categories in migration surveys can obscure important differences within caste groupings. Short-term circular migration, underestimated in national surveys, is shown to be substantial, especially for the tribal migrants in the village. While position in the social structure differentially affects aspects of migration across the village hierarchy, examples are given of individual migrant agency overcoming structural constraints.
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