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EN
Research background: Web-based idea management systems provide local and global idea management potential for many well-known and established companies, such as Boeing, Panasonic, Volkswagen, Volvo and P&G. Based on previous research done by the authors, there is an existing gap in the available literature and research on the subject: (1) there is a lack of evidence on how different idea managements system types materializes in local and global contexts; (2) there is a lack of research on how frequent these systems are applied in the global context. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to clarify which of the web-based idea management system types produce significantly better results when applied in the local and in the global context. Methods: The following research attempts to close the existing research gap empirically by conducting a survey. In the research paper analysis of 447 responses was included ? global companies that use idea management systems. The respondents were reached through idea management system providers. Findings & Value added: The research results suggest that there is a difference between the intensity of different web-based idea management system types (based on involved sources and process focus) of application if these systems are used for the global or local context. The study contributes theoretically and practically to the discussion about the potential idea management system application types in different contexts.
EN
The current Albanian Constitution (1998) defines communes and municipalities (local governments) as the basic units of local governments. Local governments are legal entities and perform all the duties of self-government, with the exception of those that the law gives to other units. There are a total of 373 local governments units, consisting of 65 municipalities and 308 communes. While municipalities govern urban areas and the communes rural areas, there is no substantive legal distinction between them. The fiscal decentralization reform in Albania has addressed the issue of adequate local recourses proportional to the competences. The decentralization of functions were supported with an increase of financing opportunities either through the increase of transfers from the state budget or by adopting the new system of local taxes and fees, the latter one by providing total discretion to the local government in setting local tariff policies to cover the cost of their services. Unfunded mandates can represent a risk if not addressed in an appropriate manner. In this article we are going to discuss about the local resources as instruments to increase the autonomy of the local governments versus the resources from the central government. The balance between the resources from the central government and the local own revenue should be, as much as possible equal.
EN
Data from surveys made in 2005/6 in small towns in two ethnically mixed regions-Opole Silesia and Kashubian Pomerania-are compared on issue of the local/ethnic/regional/national/European identification. Two regional profiles are different. In Silesia, there are two oppositions that account for most of identifications: Slesian versus non-Silesian and Polish versus non-Polish with some Silesians considering themselves Poles. In Kashubia almost all Kashubians consider themselves Poles but differ from non-Kashubian Poles. European identity is the least important, while local one is next to it with national and ethnic dominant.
EN
The issue of security explored in the article is undoubtedly one of the most fundamental problems of the modern world. This article considers the issue of broadly understood national and international security, which in the second decade of the 21st century is an issue considered on three integrally linked planes: global, regional and local. Political, economic and ecological conditions of security are integrally connected with psychologi-cal elements, considered both at the level of “homo sapiens”, as well as at the level of the world’s political, economic and military elites. They create aframework for shaping national and international security in the contemporary world
PL
Problematyka bezpieczeństwa podejmowana w artykule stanowi bez wątpienia jeden z najbardziej fundamentalnych problemów współczesnego świata. Zagadnienie szeroko pojętego bezpieczeństwa narodowego i międzynarodowego, które w II dekadzie XXI wieku jest kwestią rozpatrywaną na trzech splecionych ze sobą integralnie płaszczyznach: globalnej, regionalnej i lokalnej. Polityczne, gospodarcze i ekologiczne uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa łączą się integralnie. z elementami psychologicznymi, rozpatrywanymi zarówno na poziomie pojedynczego „homo sapiens”, jak i na poziomie światowych elit władzy politycznej, ekonomicznej i militarnej. Tworzą one bowiem ramy kształtowania się zjawiska bezpieczeństwa narodowego i międzynarodowego we współczesnym świecie.
EN
The article is devoted to three research areas characteristic of Urszula Zajączkowska’s plant poetry. The first examines the inclusion of humans in the totality of existence and results from the awareness of their material relationships with other beings. The second area studies the increasing consent to one’s corporeality, expressed and recorded in this poetry. Finally, the third area is an attempt to come to terms with the experience of mourning in loss (loss of people and destruction within the environment) while learning to consent to a world in which grief and despair stand next to the hope associated with future prosperity.  
PL
Artykuł poświęcony został trzem obszarom badawczym charakterystycznym dla roślinnej poezji Urszuli Zajączkowskiej. Pierwszy wiąże się z włączeniem człowieka do całości istnienia i wynika ze świadomości jego materialnych związków z innymi bytami. Drugi obszar to wyrażona i zapisana w tej poezji coraz większa zgoda na własną cielesność. Z kolei trzeci obszar stanowi próbę pogodzenia się z żałobnym doświadczeniem straty (utrata ludzi i zniszczenia w obrębie środowiska), a jednocześnie osiągnięcia zgody na świat, w którym żal i rozpacz stoją obok nadziei, związanej z przyszłym rozkwitem.
EN
The article is based on the analysis of changes in voter turnout from 2000 to 2015. It considers all types of election, including presidential, parliamentary, local, and European parliament one within the territory of West Pomerania, detailing the municipal district of Szczecin; Police District, with Dobra (Szczecińska) commune, Kołbaskowo and Police; and Stargard District, with Kobylanka commune. Focusing exactly on this area is no coincidence and closely relates to the mobility of people. The analysis enabled the formulation of the following hypothesis: communes neighbouring cities attract politically conscious human potential; and the attempt at answering the research question referring to the observed phenomenon: whether the suburbanisation in Szczecin and neighbouring communes is a fact.
PL
Artykuł stanowi część cyklu publikacji poświęconych działalności rad młodzieżowych w lokalnych wspólnotach samorządowych. W niniejszej pracy skoncentrowano się na przedstawieniu funkcji pełnionych przez tego typu podmioty oraz próbie odpowiedzi na pytanie, która z funkcji realizowanych przez rady młodzieżowe, w opinii radnych, pełni kluczowe znaczenie. Artykuł został opracowany na podstawie badań empirycznych (badań ilościowych) z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. Badania zrealizowano w 18 miastach wojewódzkich w Polsce, a ich celem jest poszerzenie dyskusji na temat funkcjonowania rad młodzieżowych jako podmiotów ustrukturyzowanych przy jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego.
EN
The article is part of a series of publications on the activities of youth councils in local selfgovernment communities. It focuses on describing the functions performed by such entities and attempts to answer the question about which of the functions performed by youth councils is of key importance in the opinion of councillors. The article is based on empirical research (quantitative research) conducted using a questionnaire. The research was carried out in 18 voivodship cities in Poland, and its aim is to expand the discussion on the functioning of youth councils as structured entities within local self-government units.
8
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Kościół czy Kościoły?

51%
Polonia Sacra
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 2(43)
111-139
PL
Pan Jezus założył swój Kościół na fundamencie apostołów, a sam jest kamieniem węgielnym. Jednak wskutek podziałów dokonujących się w Jego Mistycznym Ciele pojawiło się wiele Kościołów oraz Wspólnot kościelnych. Odwołując się do pierwszych źródeł, jakimi są dokumenty soborów powszechnych Kościoła katolickiego, autorka niniejszego artykułu podejmuje próbę odnalezienia, w dzisiejszej złożonej sytuacji, Kościoła Chrystusowego. W swoich rozważaniach o Kościele autorka porusza kilka tematów. Najpierw przypomina źródło pojawienia się Kościoła, którym był odwieczny zamysł Boga Ojca, zrealizowany przez naszego Pana Jezusa Chrystusa wypełniającego Jego wolę. Kontynuację swojej misji Pan Jezus zlecił wybranym przez siebie apostołom. Odwołuje się do tradycji dogmatycznej, która zaświadcza o jedyności i katolickości Kościoła założonego przez Jezusa Chrystusa. Przypomina, że od początku katolickość była w tym Kościele, w którym apostoł Piotr został ustanowiony pierwszym spośród wybranych. Natomiast podziały w Mistycznym Ciele Chrystusa pojawiły się wskutek grzechu pychy. Te rany podziałów można zaleczyć jedynie poprzez poddanie się Duchowi Świętemu, który jest Duchem jednoczenia, którego tchnienie najbardziej uwidacznia się w Kościele katolickim, który szczerze szuka jedności w dialogu ekumenicznym z Kościołami odłączonymi. Ukazując jedność w wielości, autorka przypomina, iż Kościoły lokalne nie są niczym innym, jak tylko córkami Kościoła powszechnego, a ich łączność z następcą świętego Piotra poprzez biskupa miejsca zaświadcza o różnorodności w jedności.
EN
Jesus Christ built His Church up upon the foundation of the Apostles. And He is himself as the chief cornerstone. Still, in result of divisions made in His mystical body, there is a lot of Churches and Christian communities. The author of this statement tries to find the Christ’s Church in the complicated situation of today, analysing the first sources – the documents of the Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church. In statement author concentrates on a few questions. At the beginning she recalls the Source of Church, the eternal God’s concept. Fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who was obedient to his will. Jesus asked the apostles he’d chosen to continue his mission. Here we recall dogmatic tradition, which tells about the unity and Catholicism of the Chuch created by Jesus. She recollects that from the beginning there was Catholicism in Church, in which Apostle Peter was chosen to be the first among those chosen. Divisions in the Mystical Christ Body appeared as the result of pride. These wounds may be cured only by obedience to the Holy Spirit, who is the Spirit of unity, and whose impact is the most visible in the Catholic Church which sincerely searches for the unity in the ecumenical dialog with disconnected churches. Showing unity in plurality author recalls that local churches are the daughters of General Church, and their unity with the pope through local bishops and shows the variety in unity.
Świat i Słowo
|
2023
|
vol. 41
|
issue 2
381-399
EN
This article discusses Janisse Ray’s Ecology of a Cracker Childhood (1999) as an example of the nature writing tradition, suggesting that her knowledge of southern Georgia is based on an intimate relationship with that specific place. Drawing from Thomas Lyon, Lawrence Buell, Lorraine Anderson, Nathan Straight, and L. Hönnighausen my approach focuses on how Ray’s work reflects on the relationship between a childhood spent in rural isolation and poverty in a junkyardand the diminishing longleaf pine ecosystem that used to cover the South of the United States. This method will help establish a connection, on the one hand, between Ray’s growing awareness of a lost self and the loss of natural ecosystems, and, on the other hand, between Ray’ ssuccess in building a home, which means repairing her own self, and the restoration of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Moreover, I argue, Ray is looking to determine her place within that specific ecosystem but also in the larger world, thus embodying the paradox inherent in the way place is understood in the light of the new regionalism: it roots the body but liberates the imagination. Arguing that considerations about place are at the basis of nature writing, I show that Ray constructs a literary home in which she offers alternatives to repair the longleaf pine ecosystem; providing for a vocabulary that readers might use in formulating their own relationships with the places they live in, urging them, southerners and all others, to take responsibility in promoting healthier relationships between humans, nonhumans, and the environment. Ultimately, this article contributes to the debate in nature writing by addressing Ray’s Ecology of a Cracker Childhood as an example of how in the face of a widening global environmental crisis, we might engage more closely with local and regional perspectives as they often demand a heightened environmental sensibility and a language that contributes to repairing both ecological and personal damage.
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