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1

Local Taxes and Fees in the Slovak Republic in the Context of the European Charter of Local Self-Government

100%
Kubincová S.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
|
2018
|
issue 1
32-37
EN
The European Charter for Local Self-Government is one of the most important international documents concerning the status and functioning of local self-government. This document was opened for signature as a convention by the member states of the Council of Europe on the 15th of October 1985. The Charter allows some freedom to the member states of the Council of Europe in the extent to which they commit themselves to fulfill their obligations. The Slovak Republic is bound by all provisions of the Charter. The aim of the paper is to highlight the commitment, application and compliance with the European Charter of Local Self-Government by the Slovak Republic, in comparison to other selected member states, in terms of charging and administration of the local taxes and local fees.
2
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Local Fees as an Example of Visitor and Health Resort Taxes

100%
Gwoździcka-Piotrowska M.
Studia Periegetica
|
2016
|
vol. 16(2)
129-141
EN
A health resort is an area where treatment of patients is conducted, dedicated to the use and protection of natural medicinal materials, which have given the place the status of a health resort. Local fees called visitor and resort taxes supply local budgets. Their collection is dependent on the existence of certain factual circumstances. The article discusses issues related to the legal status of spa and health resort areas, and the fees related to them (adopting and collecting). Toll rates shall be adopted by the municipal council and charged by clearly defined tax collectors. The presentation of tax obligations related to the health resorts was made based on the dogmatic method, an analysis of suitable regulations and selected case law.
3
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Przesłanka naruszenia interesu prawnego w przypadku wniesienia skargi na uchwałę dotyczącą opłaty miejscowej

89%
Kawalec S.
Themis Polska Nova
|
2018
|
issue 2(14)
137-151
EN
This article raises the issue of violation of legal interest which is crucial for the capacity to file complaints against the resolutions of the local government authorities concerning local climate fee. The author discusses the problem of local climate fee and its implementation as well as the legitimacy to file complaint. The article mainly deals with the problem of the meaning of the ‘violation of legal interest’ term during the court control of the acts of local law concerning local climate fee and includes a review of case law. The legal interest can be presumed as violated if someone is obliged to pay local climate fee or is a tax collector. It is also claimed that the applicant is entitled to demand the full legality of local climate fee which is also the part of the ‘violation of interest’ term.
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Obowiązek zwrotu nienależnie pobranego zasiłku chorobowego w związku z podjęciem pracy zarobkowej w orzecznictwie sądów powszechnych i Sądu Najwyższego

87%
Wojciechowicz J.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2019
|
issue 2(26)
159-173
EN
This paper deals with the problems relating to the obligation to return the sickness benefit in the event when an insured person takes up paid employment during confirmed incapacity for work due to illness. The reason for this analysis is the non-uniform or inconsistent practice of the Supreme Court. In the majority of its issued verdicts, the opinion of the Supreme Court is that the the claim for returning the undue bene-fit paid ought to be withdrawn and cancelled if there was no information provided in the instruction about the circumstances that may lead to the forfeiture of the entitlement to statutory sickness benefit under Article 17(1) of the Act of 25 June 1999 on cash benefits from social insurance in case of sickness and maternity. However, there is also a different standpoint according to which the lack of instruction is not a sufficient basis for adjudicating that the insured party is not obliged to return this benefit. In its judgments, the Supreme Court emphasises the importance of the way in which the insured person acts. Submitting a sick leave and performing paid work is tantamount to misleading the disability pension body as to the circumstances that determine the right to a sickness be-nefit. Divergences in the judicial decisions of the Supreme Court have an impact on the judgments issued by common courts, which results in different decisions in cases of identical factual status. The non-uni-form case law of common courts has a direct impact on the situation of individual beneficiaries. Despite the same factual circumstances some insured individuals have to return the benefit whereas others are exempted from this obligation. This creates secondary inequality of the insured persons who constitute a group of similar subjects and is inconsistent with the principle of equality expressed in Article 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
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Opłata i dotacja uzdrowiskowa – ewolucja unormowań prawnych

87%
Michalak-Trybus B.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2019
|
issue 2(26)
137-158
EN
The legislator’s fee and spa subsidy established a source of income for a local government unit that has the status of a spa (health resort) municipality. The health resort municipality may collect the health resort fee from natural persons staying more than one day for health, tourist, leisure and training purposes in the area of the health resort, applying the allowances and preferences indicated in the relevant act implementing the own tasks in the scope of preserving the spa functions of health resort for the award of a spa subsidy from the state budget. Both sources of financing of the health resort municipality are the compensation for the lost income of the health resort municipalities due to statutory restrictions on the economic and investment development of this type of local government unit. Often there are conflicts of interpretation concerning the adoption and implementation of the collection of the health resort fee, as well as in matters concerning the rules, manner and purpose of the use of the fee and the health resort subsidy by the health resort municipalities. The aim of the article is to present the most important aspects of the essence and legal nature of the fee and spa subsidy. The legal basis defining the functioning of the fee and spa subsidy has been discussed in historical perspective, from the late nineteenth century to the present, in the context of the income component of the spa commune under the provisions of administrative and tax law. The research considerations were based on the review of legislative acts regulating this matter in the aspect of the repealed and applicable law and positions presented in the literature on the subject. Proposals for legislative changes in this area have been presented, simultaneously indicating the purpose and effects of the amendment.
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Opłata reklamowa jako instrument ochrony krajobrazu – uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda

63%
Gontowska S., Kwaśniewski R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne
|
2018
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
50-67
EN
The article attempts to present the legal structure of the special public tribute, introduced by the legislature more than two years ago, which is the advertising fee. The advertising fee is an optional tribute constituting the income of the commune budget. It is qualified to the category of public real estate charges. The publication was aimed at presenting the legal nature of this fee and an indication of the basic practical problems arising at the stage of the application of those rules by operators occurring in relations tax and legal. The article has been enriched with the remarks de lege ferenda, which, when introduced by the legislature, eliminates doubts of a legal nature. The article was based on an analysis of the current provisions of the Local Taxes and Fees Act on advertising fees and rich literature of the subject of esteemed theorists of tax law.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia konstrukcji prawnej szczególnej daniny publicznej, wprowadzonej przez ustawodawcę ponad dwa lata temu, jaką jest opłata reklamowa. Opłata reklamowa to danina o charakterze fakultatywnym stanowiąca dochód budżetu gminy. Kwalifikowana jest ona do kategorii obciążeń publicznoprawnych nieruchomości. Publikacja ma na celu przedstawienie charakteru prawnego tej opłaty oraz wskazanie podstawowych problemów praktycznych powstających na etapie stosowania tych przepisów przez podmioty występujące w stosunkach podatkowoprawnych. Artykuł został wzbogacony o uwagi de lege ferenda, które po wprowadzeniu przez ustawodawcę zniwelują wątpliwości natury prawnej. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o analizę aktualnych przepisów ustawy o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych dotyczących opłaty reklamowej oraz bogatej literatury przedmiotu autorstwa cenionych teoretyków prawa podatkowego.
7

Funkcje i efektywność opłaty od posiadania psów

63%
Politowicz J.
Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 15
109 - 124
EN
The analysis allows to formulate two types of conclusions regarding dog registration fee: first, concerning the functions that this contribution should realize and second, concerning its effectiveness. The functions set for the discussed fee should be categorized as fiscal and non-fiscal. The fee does not realise the main functions of a fiscal contribution, because it feeds the local budgets in a marginal way. Furthermore, there is no substantial and verifiable evidence on the realization by the fee of the non-fiscal function of public taxes. The efficiency of the fee must be seen through the prism of efficiency in economic terms, understood as the ratio of obtained benefits (revenues) to expenditures incurred to obtain them (costs). Municipality exercising its powers including setting the fee, should take this ratio into account. This ratio should be a major reason for municipality to shape the structural elements of the fee, in particular to introduce it or refrain from doing so.. Most municipalities do not set the fee, as it proved to be economically ineffective. In view of the fact that the fee does not realize the fiscal functions of public taxes and is economically ineffective, it is worth considering its removal from the system of public contributions, or the introduction of legal changes aimed at improving its efficiency. In this respect, it is desirable to maintain the discussion in this regard.
8
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Podatki i opłaty lokalne w kontekście międzygminnych nierówności dochodowych

63%
Kańduła S., Śmiechowicz J.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2016
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1
EN
The level of revenues per capita of municipalities varies greatly on Polish territory. One of the reasons for this is the uneven siting of own income sources, including those from local taxes and fees, as well as their varied performance manifesting itself not only in relation to specific types of units, but also in territorial aspect. The construction of local taxes and fees which allows some municipalities to draw much higher revenues from levies than other units also contributes to disparities in the size of revenues per capita. The aim of the article is to evaluate legislations which refer to local taxes and fees in the context of formation of municipal revenues in Poland and reduction of disparities on their level. The study shows the share of local taxes and fees in municipalities’ own revenues and financial consequences of use of their taxing power.
PL
Wysokość dochodów, jakimi dysponują gminy w przeliczeniu na mieszkańca, znacznie się różni na obszarze Polski. Jedną z przyczyn takiego stanu rzeczy jest nierównomierne rozmieszczenie źródeł dochodów własnych, w tym pochodzących z podatków i opłat lokalnych, oraz ich zróżnicowana wydajność ujawniająca się nie tylko w odniesieniu do poszczególnych typów jednostek, ale również w aspekcie terytorialnym. Do dysproporcji w wielkości dochodów per capita przyczynia się także sama konstrukcja podatków i opłat lokalnych, która sprawia, że niektóre gminy czerpią z tych danin znacznie wyższe dochody niż pozostałe jednostki. Celem artykułu jest ocena obowiązujących i wprowadzanych z początkiem 2016 r. uregulowań prawnych w odniesieniu do podatków i opłat lokalnych z punktu widzenia powstawania i wyrównywania nierówności w dochodach podatkowych gmin w Polsce. W opracowaniu przedstawiono udział podatków i opłat lokalnych w dochodach własnych i finansowe skutki wykorzystywania w odniesieniu do nich władztwa podatkowego przez gminy. 
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