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EN
The paper presents brief history of the issue referred to in the title. Attention is drawn to the variety of formats and areas of cooperation between Polish and Belarusian local authorities, taking into account also the legal aspects of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Comparative characteristics of the functioning of local self-governance systems in Belarus and Poland are discussed, with the focus on such issues as the context of systemic change, the specifics of the legal framework of both countries, international cooperation with third countries and organizations, as well as the motivation of the cooperating parties; special attention is paid to the consideration of successes and fallacies in the existing experience. The main part of the paper presents an analysis of the current Polish-Belarusian cooperation at the level of local governments. Principal external factors influencing the activation of bilateral relations are considered in detail: the place of Russia and the Eurasian Union in ongoing re-orientation of Belarus; Polish- Belarusian relations and the European Union; crisis in Polish-Russian relations; the Ukrainian dimension. With regard to internal factors ifluencing the Polish-Belarusian cooperation at the level of local self-government, the following issues are considered: state policies; legal issues; the level of democratic freedoms and independence in decision-making; ' nancial and economic problems; cultural, and informational components; personal dimension. In the final part of the paper the importance of the new realities is highlighted, and prospects of cooperation of local governments in Poland and Belarus are summarized; latest developments and the new trends in the area of cooperation are outlined, and the prospects of new possible areas of cooperation, and the supportive policies on the part of both the respective states as well as of international organizations are suggested.
EN
Entities operating in the public finance sector have recently started facing the challenge of implementing management control mechanisms. In order to successfully handle this task, it is not enough just to involve managers and employees of the given organisation, but it is also necessary to foster conditions favourable to improving management processes for public entities. Since management control is a rather new instrument of the public finance system, the need for ongoing monitoring of the progress taking place in the sphere of its implementation in individual institutions is becoming more and more evident. Bearing the foregoing in mind, the authors of the article has attempted to assess the extent of the management control implementation in local self-government bodies by analysing the declarations made by the these institutions pertaining to the management control status for the years 2010-2011.
EN
The article presents an analysis of the permissibility of conducting administrative proceedings by local self-government bodies (commune heads, mayors and city presidents) in cases in which these bodies have a legal interest, that is, are treated as parties. In the author’s opinion, in such cases local self-government bodies lose the ability to conduct the proceedings (are excluded from settling a case). The author takes a critical stance towards the repeal of a provision in 1994 that explicitly referred to the exclusion of these bodies. Since then, both in legal science and in judicial practice, there have been disputes as to whether such exclusion can be based on the provisions of Article 24 § 1 point 1 and 4 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. The author calls for a rapid amendment of the Code, supplementing Article 25 with a regulation constituting the content of Article 27a which was repealed in 1994, and making a minor revision of the existing Article 26. The question of whether the legislature has enough courage to make these changes is also addressed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę zagadnienia dopuszczalności prowadzenia przez organy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (wójtów, burmistrzów i prezydentów miast) postępowania administracyjnego w sprawach, w których jednostki te mają interes prawny, czyli są traktowane jako strony. W ocenie autora w takich przypadkach organy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego tracą zdolność do prowadzenia postępowania (podlegają wyłączeniu od załatwienia sprawy). Krytycznie odniósł się on do uchylenia w 1994 r. przepisu, który stanowił wprost o wyłączeniu tych organów. Od tego czasu, zarówno w nauce prawa, jak i w orzecznictwie sądowym, trwają spory, czy podstawą wyłączenia mogą być przepisy art. 24 § 1 pkt 1 i 4 Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego. Autor postuluje szybką zmianę Kodeksu – uzupełnienie przepisów art. 25 o uregulowanie stanowiące treść uchylonego w 1994 r. art. 27a i niewielką korektę obecnego art. 26. Stawia on zarazem pytanie, czy legislatywie wystarczy odwagi do dokonania tych zmian.
EN
The article deals with several issues in the field of legal and organizational issues related to local self-government authorities. Starting from the definition of the category of authorities, the author applies it to local self-government, identifying the legal basis of local self-government authorities. Then selected problems of legal and organizational solutions concerning individual authorities are presented, with an emphasis on the basic subjects of local self-government, namely the community members (residents) of communes (gmina), poviats and voivodships. The considerations focus on such issues as: the ways of exercising power by members of the community directly, the use of collegiality and one-person character in the organization of authorities, building agreements and relations between self-government bodies, and the issue of shaping legal institutions serving social participation in the sphere of public affairs. The conclusions of the deliberations address the need to modernize legal solutions in the field of local self-government authorities.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje kilka zagadnień z zakresu problematyki prawno-organizacyjnej dotyczącej władz samorządu terytorialnego. Autor wychodząc od określenia kategorii władz, odnosi ją do samorządu terytorialnego i identyfikuje władze samorządowe na gruncie prawnym. Następnie przedstawia wybrane problemy rozwiązań prawno-organizacyjnych dotyczących poszczególnych władz, podkreślając podstawowy podmiot władzy samorządowej, jakim są członkowie wspólnoty (mieszkańcy) gmin, powiatów, województw. W rozważaniach uwaga skupiona jest na takich zagadnieniach, jak: sposoby sprawowania władzy przez członków wspólnoty bezpośrednio, zastosowanie kolegialności i jednoosobowości w organizacji władz, budowa układu i relacji między organami samorządu, sprawa kształtowania instytucji prawnych służących partycypacji społecznej w sferze realizacji spraw publicznych. Konkluzje prowadzonych rozważań zawierają się w ostatnim podsumowującym punkcie artykułu, w którym autor wypowiada się o potrzebie modernizacji rozwiązań prawnych w zakresie władz samorządowych.
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