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Prawo
|
2015
|
issue 318
85 - 94
EN
Settlements taken in the process of local spatial planning are very important for the implementation of the principle of sustainable development. It is therefore important to ensure public participation in them. The article contains an analysis of the legal forms of public participation in spatial planning and identifies the benefits of using mediation. Involvement the parties in negotiations with the presence of the mediator could bring benefits to both: municipal authorities and parties. It makes easier reaching an optimal planning solution by the authorities and the parties receive opportunity to realize their plans and interests. Mediation as a form of multilateral communication can better meet the requirements of participatory democracy than those provided by the law of public consultation which have forms of notes or participation in public discussion.
EN
The climate crisis has provided a basis for an in-depth discussion of effective solutions to protect the environment. However, emphasis in the legal discourse solely on the need to protect the environment may pose a risk of undercutting the importance of private property. It is therefore necessary to seek a legal framework for the objective and reliable control of the prohibitions and restrictions introduced by public administration bodies in this respect. This study is an attempt to answer the question on the conditions of and limits to interference by local environmental management instruments with property rights. It concerns both the legal and procedural aspects of the issue and presents the conditions determining the proportionality of infringements of property rights, the importance of the in dubio pro libertate and in dubio pro natura principles, as well as the legal problems associated with resolutions adopted by local councils to introduce new forms of nature protection and ecophysiographic studies. The article’s final section sums up my postulates for the amendments required to existing Polish legislation on the issue and the approach the courts should adopt in handing down decisions in such cases.
PL
Kryzys klimatyczny stanowi podstawę pogłębionej dyskusji nad skutecznymi rozwiązaniami służącymi ochronie środowiska. Akcentowanie w dyskursie prawniczym wyłącznie konieczności ochrony środowiska może jednak stwarzać zagrożenie umniejszeniem znaczenia własności prywatnej. Należy zatem poszukiwać ram prawnych dla obiektywnej i rzetelnej kontroli zakazów i ograniczeń wprowadzanych pod tym hasłem przez organy administracji publicznej. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie o warunki oraz granice ingerencji w prawo własności przez lokalne instrumenty gospodarowania przestrzenią w zakresie ochrony środowiska. Zaprezentowane zostaną determinanty proporcjonalności naruszeń prawa własności, znaczenie zasad wykładni in dubio pro libertate oraz in dubio pro natura, a także problemy prawne związane z opracowaniami ekofzjografcznymi oraz z uchwałami rady gminy wprowadzającymi formy ochrony przyrody. W końcowej części podsumowane zostaną postulaty de lege oraz de sententia ferenda.
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