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The Society of the Second Republic of Poland Revisited: The Nationality Issues

100%
Mędrzecki W.
Acta Poloniae Historica
|
2014
|
vol. 109
EN
This article presents the main goals and the programme of ‘The Society of the Second Republic of Poland: An attempt at a new synthetic approach’, a research project pursued in the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. A conference discussing the ways in which national and ethnic factors informed the interwar Polish society, held most recently (in 2012) as part of the project, is discussed in some detail. The article introduces the papers first delivered at the conference and now published in the present issue of Acta Poloniae Historica.
2
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Peasant Communities in Interwar Poland’s Eastern Borderlands: Polish Historiography and the Local Story

88%
Linkiewicz O.
Acta Poloniae Historica
|
2014
|
vol. 109
EN
The nationality issues of interwar Poland’s eastern borderlands (Kresy) have been a popular theme in post-war Polish historiography. A considerable part of this historiography has continued the debates of interwar experts and political activists, which revolved around the two interwar censuses and the question of ethnic identity. For this reason, scholars have given priority to statistical evidence in order to determine the national belonging and categorize the inhabitants of the eastern borderlands into particular ethnic and national groups. What is more, they have drawn their conclusions on the assumption that identity is objectively definable by blood ties. I argue that peasant identity in these borderlands was driven by ‘localness’, that is, a specific symbolic universe, set of values and conventions typical of peasant culture. Thus, identity cannot be comprehensively described through ethnic categories alone. In the article, I explore some practices of localness such as the malleable roles people ascribed to others in everyday life. For large groups of peasants, they were of vital importance in the reception of nationbuilding projects.
3
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The misery of the human condition and religion

88%
Kostyło P.
Logos i Ethos
|
2021
|
vol. 57
237-259
EN
The present essay is devoted to various aspects of the misery of the human condition and their references to religion, as conceived of by Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. After a preliminary presentation of the two thinkers, the author discusses example aspects of the misery in question, showing at what points Kołakowski’s thinking differed from that of Tischner. However, the author finds that the key issue is the evolution that took place in the views on this subject in each one of them. This evolution shows that Kołakowski’s and Tischner’s hopes for overcoming that which each one of them, in his own manner, understood as the misery of the human condition in the Polish localness were not fulfilled. Thus, Poles did not manage to attain universalism, as perceived by both the thinkers in the context of the Western European culture. This finding, however, involves a question about what in the contemporary culture, and particularly religion is local, and what is universal.
4
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Localness, Identity, and the Historic City. New Elites in the Autonomous Galician Lviv

88%
Łupienko A.
Acta Poloniae Historica
|
2020
|
vol. 121
PL
This article explores the urban elites of Lviv during its autonomous era under Habsburg rule. The elites included not only state and municipal officials but also ‘self-proclaimed’ groups of local patriots, whose main point of reference was their city and maintaining its respectability. The issue of the preservation of secular monuments in the city (mainly the Old Town) is dealt with, as well as the history of selected grassroots associations, like the Society of the Friends of Old Lviv and the Society for the Embellishment of the City of Lviv and Its Surroundings. The author argues that by investigating the institutions which took care of the physical space of the city and its buildings, it is possible to delve into the identity of the elites in question. He further argues that it was not only the imperial and national identity that was reflected in the sources, but also a purely local one, which points to the issue of localness as an important category of research.
5
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Aspects of localness: a pilot study of kiosk and grill food names in Finland

87%
Ainiala T.
Onomastica
|
2020
|
vol. 64
167-177
EN
This article examines the localness of commercial names in Finland and focusses specifically on the names of grill food kiosks and products. There are two research objectives: firstly, to determine the number of local names that occur in the material, and secondly, to analyse how these names work as indexes of localness. This article explores the claim by sociolinguist Barbara Johnstone that particular linguistic forms can index meanings along a variety of dimensions and some forms may index locality. Furthermore, these types of linguistic forms can be used in discourses that shape people’s senses of place and the social identities associated with place. Of the 15 names of kiosks, almost all names, a total of 13 names, can be interpreted as manifesting local characteristics. Most of the kiosk names include a local place name. Of the product names, more than half (46 out of 84 names) are to be construed as describing something local. Although most of the local names in the group of product names include a local place name, personal names are also rather common. In addition, local dialect or slang is also visible in the product names. Another type of reference to a region appears in two kiosk names and in some of the product names. These names constitute a special case and demonstrate how local history can be incorporated in names creatively.
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Contro la minaccia della cultura locale. Gli aspetti performativi dell’identità culturale in mPalermu e ne La Carnezzeria di Emma Dante

63%
Bal E.
Italica Wratislaviensia
|
2019
|
issue 10.2
275–288
EN
Taking into account important changes that have taken place in the last 20 years in the fields of performance studies and cultural studies (especially de- and post-colonial studies) regarding the way in which local cultures and ethnicity are represented in the theatre and interpreted in the humanities, this article revises the ways of presenting local cultures in the Italian dialect theatre of the last decade. This analysis shows how a hegemonic (at least until recently) dramatic model developed by Eduardo de Filippo and based on producing nostalgia towards an idealised past of a local culture needs to be critically reformulated, especially from the perspective of a young generation of female artists who work in the field of dialect theatre. To this end, in this article, the author analyses the performing strategies of two of Emma Dante’s plays, mPalermu and Carnezzeria, to prove that localness is not an essentially understood characteristic of a certain community, but, rather, it should be seen as a complex performative, repetitive practice that is both bodily and discursive. Conversely, the author points out that these practices should be examined in depth and seen as a kind of cultural oppression that serves as a camouflage of some deeper imprinted relationships based on violence and domination. The examples of Emma Dante’s plays from the beginning of her career allow the author to also cast a critical gaze at an issue of primordialism, raised by Arjun Appadurai and seen as a way of viewing the Other. The latter reflects a voyeuristic pleasure of the Western world, coming from the sense of dominance over allegedly underdeveloped and primitive cultures. Emma Dante’s theatre, according to the author of this article, is an example of de-colonial artistic practice, as it subversively uses the voyeuristic inclinations of the viewer to denounce the violent character of local Sicilian scripts of behaviour that, until now, had usually been left unsaid in public debate.
IT
Prendendo in considerazione i cambiamenti avvenuti negli ultimi 20 anni nel campo degli studi sulla performance e sulle rappresentazioni delle culture locali ed etniche e le metodologie elaborate nel campo degli studi de- e post -coloniali, Ewa Bal propone di rivedere le principali strategie di rappresentazione delle culture locali nel teatro dialettale italiano dell’ultimo decennio. Parte dunque dal presupposto che il modello drammaturgico elaborato da Eduardo de Filippo sia rimasto a lungo egemonico nel contesto teatrale italiano: specie nella maniera in cui produceva la nostalgia di un passato idealizzato della cultura dialettale. Questo modello, secondo l’autrice, va invece rivisto mettendo al suo confronto le artiste più recenti del teatro dialettale, che concettualizzano la cultura locale in maniera differente e propongono nuove strategie drammaturgiche. Bal analizza quindi le strategie performative di due opere di Emma Dante mPalermu e Carnezzeria per dimostrare che la cosiddetta identità culturale locale non è affatto una caratteristica essenziale (o “naturale”) di una certa comunità, ma piuttosto un insieme di pratiche discorsivo-corporali ripetibili che a forza di ripetersi diventano “naturali”. Vanno quindi viste piuttosto come una specie di minaccia o stigma culturale, che serve da camuffaggio alle più profonde relazioni di dominazione e violenza tra uomini e donne. Analizzando due esempi di spettacoli di Emma Dante risalenti agli inizi della sua carriera artistica, Bal guarda criticamente alla nozione del “primordialismo” sollevata da Arjun Appadurai e interpretata da lui come uno dei modi di rappresentare l’Altro che soddisfa lo sguardo patriarcale del mondo Occidentale nei confronti delle culture apparentemente meno avanzate o primordiali. Gli spettacoli di Emma Dante sovvertono questo sguardo voyeuristico, usandolo criticamente per denunciare la violenza nascosta sotto gli scenari comportamentali, gestionali e discorsivi della cultura locale siciliana e riportarla alla luce del dibattito pubblico.
7
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Glokalizacja a media oddolne. Lokalne społeczności w globalnej sieci

63%
Więckiewicz-Archacka M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
|
2014
|
vol. Zeszyt
|
issue XXVIII
314-325
EN
The presented paper concerns a media transformation under the influence of new technologies expansion. Prior media receivers become senders and perform functions previously reserved for journalists, so they become independent from the mainstream media. A purpose of this paper is to present a relation between glocalization and grassroots media. The grassroots media seems to be a model example of the glocalization, because here global communication technologies are used by local communities, for example by local opinion leaders. The internet has a main influence on the grassroots media development, because of new communication tools such as blogs, online forums, web services or social networking services. The function of the grassroots media in the local communities is to inform, to integrate and to activate people.
PL
Przedstawiony artykuł dotyczy przemian, jakim podlega mediasfera pod wpływem ekspansji nowych technologii. Dotychczasowi odbiorcy mediów stają się nadawcami i pełnią funkcje zarezerwowane dotąd dla dziennikarzy, dzięki czemu uniezależniają się od mediów głównego nurtu. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie związku zjawiska glokalizacji z funkcjonowaniem mediów oddolnych. Media oddolne wydają się stanowić modelowy wręcz przykład glokalizacji, bowiem tu globalne technologie komunikacyjne są wykorzystywane przez społeczności lokalne, np. przez lokalnych liderów opinii. Do rozwoju mediów oddolnych przyczynił się głównie internet, za sprawą takich narzędzi komunikacyjnych jak blogi, fora internetowe, serwisy www czy serwisy społecznościowe. Media oddolne w społecznościach lokalnych pełnią funkcję informacyjną, integracyjną i aktywizującą.
8
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Nędza kondycji ludzkiej i religia

63%
Kostyło P.
Logos i Ethos
|
2021
|
vol. 57
85-106
EN
The present essay is devoted to various aspects of the misery of the human condition and their references to religion, as conceived of by Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner. After a preliminary presentation of the two thinkers, the author discusses example aspects of the misery in question, showing at what points Kołakowski’s thinking differed from that of Tischner. However, the author finds that the key issue is the evolution that took place in the views on this subject in each one of them. This evolution shows that Kołakowski’s and Tischner’s hopes for overcoming that which each one of them, in his own manner, understood as the misery of the human condition in the Polish localness were not fulfilled. Thus, Poles did not manage to attain universalism, as perceived by both the thinkers in the context of the Western European culture. This finding, however, involves a question about what in the contemporary culture, and particularly religion is local, and what is universal.
PL
Niniejszy esej jest poświęcony różnym aspektom nędzy kondycji ludzkiej i ich odniesieniom do religii, tak jak rozumieli tę kwestię Leszek Kołakowski i Józef Tischner. Po wstępnej prezentacji postaci obu myślicieli autor omawia przykładowe aspekty wspomnianej nędzy, pokazując zarazem, w jakich punktach myślenie Kołakowskiego różniło się od myślenia Tischnera. Kluczową kwestią jest jednak dla autora ewolucja, jaka dokonała się w poglądach na ten temat u każdego z nich z osobna. Ewolucja ta pokazuje, że nie spełniły się nadzieje Kołakowskiego i Tischnera na przezwyciężenie tego, co każdy z nich na swój sposób rozumiał jako nędzę kondycji ludzkiej w polskiej lokalności. Tym samym Polakom nie było dane dojście do uniwersalizmu, postrzeganego przez obu myślicieli w kontekście kultury zachodnio-europejskiej. Stwierdzenie to pociąga jednak za sobą pytanie, co we współczesnej kulturze, a zwłaszcza religii jest lokalne, a co uniwersalne.
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Kolejna socjologiczna utopia

51%
Sztompka P.
Studia Litteraria et Historica
|
2015
|
issue 3–4
EN
Another sociological utopia The polemics between Piotr Sztompka and Michael Burawoy was originally published in Contempo­rary Sociology. A Journal of Reviews no 40/4 as Debate on International Sociology. The starting point of discussion between Piotr Sztompka and Michael Burawoy was the publication entitled Facing an Unequal World: Challenges for a Global Sociology (Volume One: Introduction, Latin America and Africa, 316 pp.; Volume Two: Asia, 362 pp.; Volume Three: Europe, and Concluding Reflections, 296 pp.), edited by Michael Burawoy, Mau-kuei Chang and Michelle Fei-yu Hsieh (Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Sociology at Academia Sinica, Council of National Associations of the International Sociological Association & Academia Sinica, 2010). Kolejna socjologiczna utopiaPrezentowana niżej polemika pt. Debata o socjologii międzynarodowej ukazała się w „Contemporary Sociology. A Journal of Reviews” 40, nr 4. Punktem wyjścia do dyskusji między Piotrem Sztompką i Michaelem Burawoyem była książka z 2010 roku Facing an Unequal World: Challenges for a Global Sociology (t. 1: Introduction, Latin America and Africa, ss. 316; t. 2: Asia, ss. 362; t. 3: Europe, and Conclu­ding Reflexions, ss. 296), pod redakcją Michaela Burawoya, Mau-kuei Changa i Michelle Fei-yu Hsieh, wydana w Tajpej przez Institute of Sociology at Academia Sinica, Council of National Associations of the International Sociological Association & Academia Sinica.
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