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PL
Recenzowana praca poświęcona jest instytucji locus standi mającej znaczenie dla każdej procedury prawnej. Współczesna nauka prawa coraz częściej staje wobec wyzwania, jakie niesie ze sobą integracja europejska oraz globalizacja i wzajemny „przepływ” rozwiązań prawnych między poszczególnymi państwami.
EN
The work under review is devoted to the issue of locus standi (standing) which is of significance in any legal procedure. Ever more often, the contemporary legal science faces the challenge of the European integration and the globalisation and also mutual „flow” of legal solutions in between countries.
EN
The present article will deal with these issues: given as known the importance – even from a practical point of view – of extraordinary locus standi recognized in favor of environment protection associations, as far as landscape measures are concerned, meaning and being of landscape itself according to the Italian Constitution will be examined. These matters have been broadly discussed; their common ground is a belief that landscape is referred as a part of the environment. Finally, a new reconstruction of locus standi criterion will be suggested according to international treaties, legal sources and courts and also into in a compared view with the Slovak system. According to these suggestions, everyone who enjoys landscape should be endowed with locus standi to react against administrative measures, which can cause its damage, also not directly. This point of view can find support in a recent sentence of the Court of Justice of the European Union that has stated – with a point of view basedon Central European national discipline – that a limitation, as far as environment protection associations are concerned in proceedings and trials about the environment, is not correct because it is against the principle of effective protection.
IT
Lo schema, che si intende seguire nel presente breve scritto, è il seguente: rilevata l’importanza – anche da un punto di vista pratico – della legittimazione straordinaria riconosciuta alle associazioni di tutela ambientale in tema di impugnazione dei provvedimenti incidenti sul paesaggio, si cercherà di identificare il significato e la natura del paesaggio stesso, come emerge dalla Legge Fondamentale italiana. Sul tema, sono intervenute molte riflessioni dottrinali, che hanno come elemento di base comune l’avvenuta dequotazione del paesaggio tra i componenti dell’ambiente. Si proporrà un canone di legittimazione generale, secondo il quale chiunque goda del paesaggio sia legittimato all’impugnazione di provvedimenti, che possano pregiudicare – anche indirettamente – la sua situazione, in adesione a suggestioni provenienti da Trattati, fonti e Tribunali internazionali. Ciò anche alla luce di una visione più liberale da parte della CGUE, che ha recentissimamente censurato sulla base della Convenzione di Aarhus e della Carta Europea dei Diritti Fondamentali restrizioni alla legittimazione procedimentale e processuale di associazioni di tutela dell’ambiente.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie nowego podejścia interpretacyjnego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE, gdzie w sprawach z zakresu pomocy państwa traktuje przeprowadzenie analizy wpływu na konkurencję i handel jako gwarancję praw procesowych, gdyż tylko takie badanie pozwoli ocenić, czy podmiot niebędący adresatem decyzji Komisji Europejskiej będzie w danej sprawie „stroną zainteresowaną”. Autor ocenia, jakie mogą być konsekwencje nowego podejścia do wielokrotnie krytykowanego za zbytnią rudymentarność standardu oceny wpływu środków pomocowych na rynek i czy rzeczywiście badanie wpływu na handel i konkurencję jest odpowiednim narzędziem gwarantującym dostęp do sądu w sprawach dotyczących pomocy publicznej, zwłaszcza dla podmiotów, które nie są bezpośrednimi konkurentami beneficjenta albo podnoszą naruszenie interesu nieekonomicznego.
EN
This paper seeks to analyse the new interpretive approach taken by the Court of Justice in State aid cases. According to this approach, evaluating the impact on competition and trade is considered essential to determine whether an entity that is not a beneficiary of the European Commission's decision can be regarded as an 'interested party'. The author will assess the potential consequences of this interpretive approach, particularly examining whether evaluating the impact on trade and competition is an appropriate tool to guarantee access to the Court in State aid cases, especially for indirect competitors and plaintiffs claiming infringement of their non-economic interests.
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