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1

“Mis on möödas ega see ei kordu…” Kurt Eiskopi kirjad Edith Eiskopile aastaist 1940–1941 kui ajalootunnistaja tunnistus

100%
Hollo M.
Mäetagused
|
2023
|
vol. 86
53-72
EN
This article examines the letters of a young Estonian man, Kurt Eiskop (1919–1944), to his beloved and future wife, Edith Eiskop (1919–1991). Kurt Eiskop’s 55 letters were handed over to the Estonian Cultural History Archives in 2022, as a result of the collection campaign “Letters in my life”, a competition organised cooperatively by the Estonian Life Stories Association and the archives. Most of the letters were written between 16 April 1940 and 29 June 1941, while Eiskop was doing his military service in the army of the Estonian Republic. In this article I consider his letters as a testimony of a historical witness, based on what he saw and experienced during the arrival of the Red Army forces in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 and its subsequent annexation. What interests me in Eiskop’s letters as testimony is, first and foremost, the author’s subjective experience, which can be seen in the way emotions are expressed in his letters. As is characteristic of love letters, the main topic of Eiskop’s letters is emotions – longing for the beloved and nostalgia for life before the army. In retrospect, the latter seems like a paradisaical idyll to him, while the present reality seems like being in prison. In addition to the expression of emotions, the subjective experience of the writer emerges in the letters through descriptions of everyday life in the army, which also contain the author’s thoughts, moods, and attitudes toward the new regime. It emerges from Eiskop’s letters that service in the army of the Estonian Republic was disagreeable to him, as it separated him from his beloved and impeded their beginning a life together. The arrival of reinforcements of the Red Army in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 put the Estonian Army and those performing their military service there in a complicated situation: they had to get used to alienating new circumstances and rules; likewise there were fears that the war would spread to the Estonian territory and that soldiers would be sent to fight the war for the Soviet Union. In a politically complicated time, which also entailed complications for personal life, writing letters provided support and a way of sustaining relationship despite being apart. The letters Eiskop wrote to his beloved during his military service became a kind of refuge for him, a safe world, the creation of which was enabled by nostalgic memories. These are poeticised and idealised images of the past which provide comfort and strength, while intensifying his closeness to the addressee. It is interesting that in Eiskop’s letters nostalgia is not always unidirectionally aimed at the past, but some memories are bound to the author’s hopes and plans for the future. However, nostalgia is not the only emotion that Eiskop expresses in his moments of solitude. Eiskop’s letters are also filled with longing for the beloved, expressed by the author in bursts of emotion, sometimes more controlled, sometimes more expressive, in some letters also as desperation.
2

Jeśli nie humaniści, to kto? Kilka słów o „Prozie wybranej” Leo Lipskiego (Wołowiec 2022)

84%
Gosk H.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2022
|
vol. 113
|
issue 4
197-202
PL
Artykuł omawia etyczne aspekty opublikowania przez Wydawnictwo „Czarne” tomu „Proza wybrana” Leo Lipskiego w opracowaniu Agnieszki Maciejowskiej. Zwraca uwagę na problemy z dochowaniem karencji w odniesieniu do intymnych listów pisarza kierowanych do Ireny Lewulis. Listy te, zgodnie z życzeniem Łucji Gliksman, przyjaciółki i opiekunki autora „Piotrusia”, miały zostać udostępnione czytelnikom po upływie 25 lat od momentu przekazania ich do Archiwum Emigracji Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Ukazały się jednak w wyborze Maciejowskiej wcześniej, bo już w 2022 roku. Pojawia się pytanie, dlaczego przy ich edycji nie zastosowano się do woli osoby przekazującej do archiwum listy miłosne Lipskiego.
EN
The paper discusses the ethical aspects of issuing Leo Lipski’s volume “Proza wybrana” (“Selected Prose”) by Czarne Publishing House, prepared by Agnieszka Maciejowska, and in doing so it devotes attention to the issues of preserving the waiting period for launching Lipski’s intimate letters to Irena Lewulis. The letters in question, following the will of Łucja Gliksman, the writer’s friend and carer, were to have been revealed to readers 25 years after transferring them to the Archives of Polish Emigration, University Library of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The letters appeared on the market earlier, in 2022. Thus, there emerges the question why the edition fails to comply with the will of the letter’s donor.
3
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Konwencja epistolograficzna i bezpośredniość wyrazu w listach Jana III Sobieskiego do Marysieńki

51%
Kosmalska W.
Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki
|
2017
|
vol. 7
EN
The article recounts about Jan III Sobieski’s epistles from 1655–1683 which were written to his wife Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien. The division of listing’s model, which was made by Robert Ganszyniec, and the framing of letters’ type according to Stefania Skwarczyńska were taken as a basis in creation of interesting epistolographic convection category typical for Sobieski. Furthe­rmore the text reveals the manner in which Sobieski reaches a directness of the statements as well as the themes which dominate in his letters and the way of taboo implementation. However, the article does not present the letters in detachment with historical and socio-cultural reality. The correspondence of Jan and Maria Sobieski is not only an evidence of great love but also reveals historical events from the participants’ perspective with signs of baroque. The article includes many citations from epistles written by Jan III Sobieski in order to present the reader the discussed issues sufficiently. It also presents the stand of the most accomplished literary historians such as Ste­fa­nia Skwar­czyńska, Alojzy Sajkowski or Leszek Kukulski.
PL
Artykuł traktuje o epistołach Jana III Sobieskiego do żony Marii Kazimiery d'Arquien z lat 1655-1683. Bazując na podziale modeli listowania dokonanym przez Roberta Ganszyńca oraz koncepcji rodzajów listów Stefanii Skwarczyńskiej, powstała interesująca kategoria konwencji epistolograficznej charakterystyczna wyłącznie dla Sobieskiego. Ponadto tekst ukazuje w jaki sposób Sobieski osiąga bezpośredniość wypowiedzi, jakie tematy dominują w jego listach oraz w jaki sposób realizuje tabu. Artykuł nie przedstawia listów w oderwaniu od realiów historycznych i społeczno-kulturowych. Korespondencja państwa Sobieskich oprócz świadectwa wielkiej miłości ukazuje także wydarzenia historyczne z perspektywy ich uczestników oraz nosi znamiona epoki baroku. By omawiane zagadnienia dostatecznie przedstawić czytelnikowi, artykuł zawiera wiele cytatów z epistoł pisanych przez Jana III Sobieskiego oraz prezentuje stanowiska najznamienitszych historyków literatury takich jak Stefania Skwarczyńska, Alojzy Sajkowski, czy Leszek Kukulski.
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