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PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja dynamiki zmian w sektorze przedsiębiorstw funkcjonujących na terytorium Polski (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora małych i średnich podmiotów w porównaniu ze zmianami zachodzącym i w całym sektorze przedsiębiorstw), a także zróżnicowania zmian liczebności tych podmiotów układzie regionalnym. Zakres czasowy analizy obejmuje głównie lata 2004–2013. W pierwszej części artykułu uwagę poświęcono roli przedsiębiorczości, jej przeobrażeniom i dynamice zmian. W drugiej części zestawiono i poddano analizie materiał statystyczny dotyczący regionalnego zróżnicowania sektora przedsiębiorstw w Polsce.
EN
The paper investigates the practice of Open Innovation (OI) of university spin-offs. Three interviews were conducted to discuss the knowledge of spin-offs about OI, their attitude to this innovation management strategy based on perceived advantages and disadvantages, and their motivation towards OI practice in the future. Problems with planning, control and trust appear to be some of the most important for OI success. Focusing on these and other urgent aspects of OI, the article discusses a research agenda that can help in formulating research questions and hypothesis, thus directing their efforts to search for solutions to identified problems.
EN
Development of each enterprise depends on external factors related to the company’s environment as well as internal ones inherent in the company. The article presents theoretical concepts of internal factors of enterprise development, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competences. Based on research, development factors of small and middle size enterprises operating in the food industry were reviewed showing specific factors for this industry
PL
Rozwój każdego przedsiębiorstwa zależy od czynników zewnętrznych związanych z otoczeniem firmy oraz wewnętrznych. W artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne koncepcje związane z wewnętrznymi czynnikami rozwoju przedsiębiorstw, przedsiębiorczością i kompetencjami przedsiębiorczymi. Dokonano przeglądu badań opisujących czynniki rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw działających w branży spożywczej i określono charakterystyczne dla tego przemysłu grupy tych czynników
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the reasons why small and medium-size businesses have a different structure of financing their assets from big ones. Assuming that the businesses realize the optimum structure of financing with debt and with their own capital, the author focuses on the mutual relation of the short-term and long-term debts. In the first part of the article the causes are characterized of much greater participation of short-term sources of financing the assets in small and medium-size businesses than in big ones. Next, advantages and disadvantages are presented of financing with short-term and long-term debts. To what proportion the firm's assets are financed with long-term debts also depends on the operation risk, the existing structure of assets and the size and maturity of the firm. The next part of the article is devoted to these issues. The last part discusses the sources of short-term credit accessible for small and medium-size businesses. As there is a lot of risk involved, commercial banks are very cautious about affording credit to small businesses. In consequence the merchant credit as a source of money for the firm acquires too much significance. Hence, in order to help finance the sector of small and medium-size businesses it is necessary for the government and self-government agencies to warrant bank credits. This will allow to fill the financial gap that limits the development of small and medium-size firms in Poland.
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