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EN
We argue that thinking of the man-machine comparison in terms of a contest involves, in a reasonable scenario, a criterion of success that is neutral. This is because we want to avoid a petitio principii. We submit, however, that, by looking at things this way, one makes the most essential human things invisible. Thus, in a sense, the contest approach is self-defeating.
EN
The article discusses the work of artists active in the 1920s and 1930s in Russia,2 the form and content of which links them with the idea of man-machine, which grew in popularity in the age of heightened industrial development and system changes in the 20th century. The article seeks to present the influence of official guidelines (including cultural and educational policies) and technological change on imagery, and, essentially, to point up the relationship between politics and the form and content of the art. An overview of artists working notably in Russia focuses on that period of their oeuvre that drew overtly on new solutions in visual arts. These artists are less known in Poland nowadays as they were either artistically enmeshed in Socialist Realism down the line or had a role in sanctioning it. The paper further dwells on the relationship between the avant-garde, modern art and engaged art at the early stages of forming the new political system. It also discusses problems such as: changes in art prompted by new ways of artistic practice; artist’s mutual inspirations; the application of imagery types that had formed earlier (especially when artistic activity had its footing in similar objectives); exemplifications of artists frequently drawing on the artistic traditions of their native country without shunning references to landmark works.
EN
The title question of the paper has its empirical origin in the form of an individual’s existential experience arising from the personal use of a computer, which we attempt to describe in the first section. The rest of the entire paper can be understood as a philosophical essay answering the question posed. First the connection between the main problem of the article and its “premonition” by mankind, which was expressed in the form of ancient myths and legends, is briefly suggested. After shortly discussing the problems that early considerations of AI focused on, i.e. whether machines can think at all, we move on to reformulate our title question, about the possibility of outsmarting AI. This outsmarting will be understood by us in a rather limited way as to prevent a machine from completing its implemented task. To achieve this objective, after softly clarifying the basic terms, an analogy is built between the “outsmarting” of a machine by a human (the target domain) and the playing of a mathematical game between two players (the base domain), where this outsmarting is assigned a “winning strategy” in the certain game. This mathematical model is formed by games similar to Banach-Mazur games. The strict theorems of such games are then proved and applied to the target of the analogy. We then draw conclusions and look for counter-examples to our findings. The answer to the title question posed is negative, and it is not clear how far it should be taken seriously.
EN
Jean Jacques Rousseau in his praise of Geneva notes that the most flourishing industry in this town is watch- and clock-making, the source of income of nearly one fifth of the inhabitants. As we read on, it turns out that what is at stake is not only manufacturing of mechanical chronometric devices but twisting together of social and economic life with technology and, interestingly enough, establishing an extraterrestrial, although lay, horizon for the human life. A clock did not only measure hours of our mortal existence but also remained related to the rhythms of cosmic movements of planets. Hence, starting from Tadeusz Różewicz’s poem “Dolls’ House” we are trying to demonstrate that what matters is not only the very fact of being able to survive, go on living according to the measurements of the clock, like Swift’s Gulliver who “seldom did any thing without consulting it”; what we focus on is, rather, the ability to live in a more profound way which implies a different relation with time and man’s temporality.
PL
Jean Jacques Rousseau w komentarzach do życia społecznego i ustroju Genewy pisze, że „najbardziej kwitnie w Genewie wyrób zegarków, pracuje przy nim z górą pięć tysięcy osób, tj. przeszło piąta część obywateli”. Uwaga o tyle ciekawa, iż pozwala zobaczyć, że chodzi zarówno o wytwarzanie instrumentów chronometrycznych, jak i splecenie życia społecznego i ekonomicznego z mechanizmami rozwoju technologii oraz ustanowienie dla wydarzeń ludzkiej historii horyzontu jak najdosłowniej pozaziemskiego, choć świeckiego. Zegar odmierzał godziny, pozostawał również w ścisłej relacji z ustaleniami astronomii i jej instrumentów, takich jak choćby astrolabium. Wykorzystując wiersz Tadeusza Różewicza Dom lalek, autor w niniejszym eseju próbuje wykazać, że stawką naszego istnienia jest nie tylko to, aby „być żywym”, by „przeżyć”, „utrzymać się przy życiu”, lecz także odkryć w sobie głęboką żywotność, dyspozycję do bycia, której nic (również czas i instrumenty służące do jego pomiaru) nie zdoła osłabić i wyeliminować, chociaż dyspozycja ta jest niewątpliwie zagłuszona przez szum zegarowej maszynerii wyznaczającej codzienne zadania człowieka.
PL
W nowoczesnym świecie otoczeni jesteśmy rozwiązaniami technicznymi, z którymi nieustannie komunikujemy się i wchodzimy w interakcję. Z założenia urządzenia i systemy mają nam pomagać w pracy, życiu codziennym i rozrywce. Jednakże czy ich rola sprowadza się do zmechanizowanych służących? Autorzy w tekście próbują przedstawić, jak wyglądają relacje człowieka ze współczesną techniką i jak wpływają one na samego człowieka. Starają się też określić, kto jest elementem sterującym, a kto sterowanym.
EN
In the modern world, we are surrounded by technical solutions, with which we constantly communicate and interact. Devices and systems are supposed to help us in our work, everyday life and entertainment. However, are their roles reduced to mechanized servants? Authors try to show how human relationships with modern technology look like and how they affect the human person. They also try to determine who is controlling whom.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2019
|
vol. 62
|
issue 3
15-33
EN
The aim of the article was to present the influence of changes to the  body-machine system, resulting from the application of innovative technologies and the strategy of cyborgization on the perception of and assignment of value to the human body in contemporary society. I apply two research approaches. On the one hand, the non-invasive functioning of the body-machine system as an expression of transgression; on the other one: the functioning of a machine connected with a body (exo-extension), the functioning of a machine in a body (endo-extension) and the functioning of a body in a machine (mind uploading), as an expression of transhumanism. Addressing the problem formulated in the title of this article, I postulated the hypothesis that undermining the natural status of the human body in postbiological society, favoured by cyborgization and the application of innovative technologies, resulting from a controlled social discourse and knowledge, changing the body-machine relations, changes the perception of and assignment of value to the human body. The hypothesis was confirmed. The article is analytical and descriptive. The research problem is analysed from the sociological perspective.  
PL
Celem artykułu było ukazanie wpływu zmian w systemie: ciało - maszyna, będących skutkiem zastosowania innowacyjnych technologii i strategii cyborgizacji na postrzeganie i wartościowanie ciała ludzkiego we współczesnym społeczeństwie. Zastosowałam dwie perspektywy badawcze. Z jednej strony nieinwazyjne działanie systemu ciało - maszyna jako przejaw transgresji; z drugiej: funkcjonowanie maszyny połączonej z ciałem (egzorozszerzenia), funkcjonowanie maszyny w ciele (endorozszerzenia) oraz funkcjonowanie ciała w maszynie (mind uploading), jako przejaw transhumanizmu. Podejmując problem sformułowany w tytule artykułu, przyjęłam hipotezę, iż podważanie naturalnego statusu ciała ludzkiego w społeczeństwie postbiologicznym, któremu sprzyja cyborgizacja i zastosowanie innowacyjnych technologii, będące wynikiem kontrolowanego dyskursu społecznego i wiedzy, zmieniając relacje ciało-maszyna, zmienia postrzeganie i wartościowanie ciała ludzkiego, w kierunku przedmiotowego traktowania. Hipoteza został potwierdzona. Artykuł ma charakter analityczno-opisowy. Problem badawczy analizowany jest z perspektywy socjologicznej.
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