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EN
In spite of the huge progress noted down in the 1990s in economies of the states of Central and Eastern Europe the process of transformation still lasts, for instance construction of the institution of market and effective economic structures for developed market economies. A basic measure of the level of the economic development of the country is the height of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita – the value of produced products and services provided to one inhabitant of the country. The economic development of new states of the Union is reflected in the relation of production to the employment rate. The economy of newly accepted states is also characterized by lower participation of services in GDP and the simultaneously low production of modern products, so called high technology products. Moreover, the analysis of the GDP structure of countries of Central and Eastern Europe before the accession shows that in spite of the realization of restructuring processes in the economy industry is still important for GDP. However, systematic decrease of the importance of agriculture is observed. The research was based on pre-accessional reports of member states of the European Union. Prognoses of the influence on basic macroeconomic indicators for countries of “old” European Union were presented.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena modeli programowania polityki rozwoju województw w Polsce. Konsekwencja szerokiego dyskursu w prezentowanym obszarze badań pojawiło się wiele koncepcji rozwoju regionalnego w odniesieniu do istniejących podziałów administracyjnych, ich dokumentów strategicznych oraz zasad ich finansowania, tak w kontekście narodowym jak i unijnym. Zweryfikowano i uporządkowano istniejące narzędzia pomiaru rozwoju oraz opracowano pakiet nowej generacji podstawowych dokumentów strategicznych zgodnie z zaprojektowanym modelem. Zbudowanie nowego modelu jest połączone ze strategia rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, planem zagospodarowania przestrzennego województwa oraz planem gospodarki niskoemisyjnej. Jednak głównym dla powodzenia dalszych rozwiązań może być brak środków unijnych, których wykorzystaniu podporządkowana w dużym stopniu była dotychczasowa polityka.
EN
This article aims at presentation and estimation of programming models of the districts development policy in Poland. It was the wide discourse consequence in the research field of many concepts of regional development according to their existing administrative divisions, their strategic documents and financing principles in the context of national and European Union degree. Measurement instruments of existing development were identified and ordered. New generation package of basic strategic documents in accordance with the designed model was developed. Creating the new model associated with the strategy for civilization development, district spatial planning and low emission economy plan. However, the reason for further research may be a lack of means of EU, which, to a large extent, were the basis of the previous policy.
EN
The article presents a research topic focused on the issues relating to corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is a component of company’s business model. The fact that it is a relatively novel trend in the scope of economics inspired us to raise the aforementioned problem of social responsibility in business, since that area of study is still subject to systematization. The existing interpretation of the concept mainly refers to the questions connected with the commercial sector. CSR is said to be an idea, thanks to which enterprises freely take into account the need for social environmental protection and also relations with various groups of stakeholders at the stage of developing their strategy. Therefore, there is a demand for new scientific studies in that scope. Considering the methodological premises of the article, the author carried out an analysis and evaluation of heating companies in Poland and in Latvia between 2002 and 2014. The analysis was conducted in a dynamic perspective with the use of statistical and econometric tools in order to verify the research hypothesis and achieve the purpose of the thesis. It should be highlighted that a survey questionnaire was the main source of the research data. The study covers 212 out of 445 enterprises operating in the heating sector in Poland and 26 out of 45 operating in Latvia.
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