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1

Writing with non-dominant hand: left-handers perform better with the right hand than right handers with the left

100%
Laskowski K., Henneberg M.
Anthropological Review
|
2012
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vol. 75
|
issue 2
129-136
EN
Adult volunteers (7 females, 7 males) aged between 19 and 51 years, 7 right-handers and 7 left-handers, were asked to complete re-training writing tasks by using their non-dominant hand over 10 consecutive days. It is possible for adults to learn quickly to write legibly with their non-dominant hand. Left handers have a higher legibility score initially although right-handers improved with training more than left-handers. Individual’s performance was unrelated to age and sex in the small sample studied.
2

The relationship between latitudinal light variation and orbit and cranial size in humans

86%
Short A.
Anthropological Review
|
2016
|
vol. 79
|
issue 2
143-149
EN
Increased orbit size is suggested to be an adaptation for enhanced visual acuity and sensitivity in conditions of reduced light quality. Whilst light ambience has a well established correlation with eye size in birds and primates, evidence in humans is very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the anatomical compensations of the eye and visual cortex as a result of varying levels of light exposure. It was hypothesized that humans of higher latitudes will have an increased orbit size to improve visual sensitivity and acuity in conditions of decreased light, and thus greater cranium size due to enlarged visual cortices. Craniometric measurements of 1,209 male and 1,021 female individuals from 27 series coming from different latitudes were sourced from William W. Howells Craniometric Data Set. Mean cranial and orbit size was calculated by combining linear craniometric measurements of length, width and height for individual males and females at each latitude. Linear regressions of orbit and cranial size on latitude were created and significance was measured using Pearson’s r and P value. Partial correlations were calculated to test whether orbit size correlates with latitude independent of cranial size. Significant positive correlations were found between i) orbit and cranial size and ii) orbit size and latitude and iii) cranial size and latitude in males and females. Additionally, partial correlation values for latitude and orbit size were significant in both males and females. The relationship between visual system size and increasing latitude among humans is currently understudied. Significant relationships between visual system size and increasing latitude suggest that enlarged eyes were an evolutionary mechanism for individuals with compromised light availability. Other factors related to varying geographic location may also play a role
3
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Homeless Males Addicted to Alcohol about Helplessness: Secondary Qualitative Data Analysis

58%
Borowska-Beszta B., Wasilewska-Ostrowska K. M.
Paedagogia Christiana
|
2020
|
vol. 2/46
121-145
EN
The subject of this secondary qualitative data research was related to researching and understanding the issue of helplessness in the lives of homeless males addicted to alcohol. The aim of the study was to learn about the core category of helplessness according to the opinions of 10 homeless Poles. The research was based on 3 secondary datasets from 3 primary sources including 13 transcripts of interviews with homeless males who had been in the process of abstinence for 3 months to 9 years. The results indicated the existence of helplessness in the lives of homeless males in the following two aspects: first chronological and second structural-contextual. Chronological helplessness indicated its threefold presence: as a general helplessness in life before alcohol addiction, during addiction, and during the sobriety and therapy process. Structural and contextual helplessness indicated a 3-pillar pattern: Verbalised helplessness was present in transcripts indicated directly, referring to denotation of the category. Hidden helplessness revealed itself in the background related to the connotations of the helplessness category. Helplessness was associated with sub-categories regarding: self, routine activities, addiction artefacts, symbolic Ends, and shrinking of personal space. Processual helplessness was referred to as the process of becoming helpless and coming out of helplessness in the context of the loss and regaining of dignity by addicted and sobering males. This report contains implications and suggestions for the social work and public education practice.
PL
Założeniem niniejszego wtórnego badania danych jakościowych było zbadanie i zrozumienie problemu bezradności w życiu bezdomnych mężczyzn uzależnionych od alkoholu. Celem badania było poznanie podstawowej kategorii bezradności w opinii 10 bezdomnych Polaków. Badania oparto na 3 wtórnych zbiorach danych z 3 źródeł pierwotnych, zawierających łącznie 13 transkrypcji wywiadów z bezdomnymi mężczyznami, którzy pozostawali w okresie abstynencji od 3 miesięcy do 9 lat. Wyniki wskazały na istnienie bezradności w życiu bezdomnych mężczyzn w dwóch aspektach: pierwszym chronologicznym i drugim strukturalno-kontekstualnym. Bezradność chronologiczna wskazywała na jej trojaki wymiar: jako ogólną bezradność życiową przed uzależnieniem od alkoholu, w czasie uzależnienia oraz w trzeźwości i procesie terapii. Strukturalno-kontekstualna bezradność wskazywała na 3-filarowy wzór manifestowania się, jako: zwerbalizowana bezradność, która była obecna w transkrypcjach wskazanych bezpośrednio, odwołujących się do denotacji kategorii. Ukryta bezradność ujawniła się w tle, związanym z konotacjami kategorii bezradności. Bezradność ukryta kojarzyła się z podkategoriami dotyczącymi: jaźni, czynności rutynowych, artefaktów uzależnień, symbolicznych Końców i kurczenia się przestrzeni osobistej. Bezradność procesualna określana była jako proces stawania się bezradnym i wychodzenia z bezradności w kontekście utraty i odzyskania godności przez uzależnionych i trzeźwiejących mężczyzn. Raport z badań zawiera implikacje i sugestie dla praktyki pracy socjalnej i edukacji publicznej.
4
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The Effect of Glucose and Emotional Arousal on Memory in College Students

51%
Fox C., Becknell M. E., Belden A., Firmin R. L.
Konteksty Pedagogiczne
|
2019
|
vol. 1
|
issue 12
PL
Celem badania było sprawdzenie wpływu podania glukozy, oraz pobudzenia emocjonalnego, na pamięć. Uczestnikami byli studenci przydzieleni losowo do grup glukozy (50 g glukozy) i grup placebo (50,6 mg sacharyny), a następnie podzieleni na grupy o wysokim i niskim poziomie podniecenia emocjonalnego. Grupom o wysokim i niskim poziomie podniecenia emocjonalnego pokazano zestaw slajdów, którego treść była odpowiednio pobudzająca emocjonalnie lub neutralna emocjonalnie. Wykonano pomiary glukozy we krwi, a testy pamięci i rozpoznawania były przeprowadzane w różnych odstępach czasu w trakcie eksperymentu. Glukoza poprawiła pamięć natychmiastową tylko u kobiet, podczas gdy pobudzenie emocjonalne poprawiło zarówno pamięć natychmiastową, jak i przywoływanie wspomnień u wszystkich badanych. Pobudzenie emocjonalne poprawiło pamięć rozpoznawczą tylko u mężczyzn. Chociaż przedstawione w artykule odkrycia potwierdzają usprawniające działanie glukozy i pobudzenia emocjonalnego na pamięć, jednocześnie prowokują więcej pytań na temat różnic we wpływie tych dwóch czynników na pamięć u mężczyzn i kobiet.
EN
This study investigated the effect of glucose administration and emotional arousal on memory. Participants were undergraduate college students randomly assigned to glucose (50 g glucose) and placebo groups (50.6 mg saccharine) and further divided into high and low emotional arousal groups. High and low emotional arousal groups were shown a slide show whose content was either emotionally arousing or emotionally neutral, respectively. Blood glucose measurements were taken, and memory recall and recognition tests were given at various intervals throughout the experiment. Glucose improved memory for immediate recall in females only, while emotional arousal resulted in enhanced immediate and delayed recall for all subjects. Furthermore, emotional arousal enhanced recognition memory for males only. While the present findings confirm the facilitatory effects of glucose and emotional arousal on memory, they simultaneously stimulate more questions on the differences in the effect of these two factors on memory in males versus females.
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