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Management Costs as a Manifestation of Transaction Costs in Hierarchical Structures for the Coordination of Production and Exchange Processes

100%

Plichta J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

2018

issue 5(977)

9-24

According to the assumptions of representatives of institutional economics, enterprises as market institutions exist due to the existence of transaction costs in the processes of market exchange. The hierarchical structures of enterprises limit their occurrence and thus they are by definition more effective than the coordination of exchange by a market mechanism. The creation and maintenance of such structures also bring about costs. These are generally management costs, some of which are transaction costs. They result from imperfections of internal processes, information asymmetry, the division and establishment of property rights, opportunistic behaviour or specific resources involved in these processes. The article looks at the problems of management costs perceived from the institutional point of view, as transaction costs and an indication of the broad applicability of this approach, especially in the context of new phenomena and processes based mainly on modern technologies and the mechanisms of co-creating value. The considerations are of a conceptual character and are based on the achievements of various scientific disciplines.

Istnienie przedsiębiorstw jako instytucji rynkowych według założeń przedstawicieli ekonomii instytucjonalnej wynika z istnienia kosztów transakcyjnych w procesach wymiany rynkowej. Hierarchiczne struktury przedsiębiorstw ograniczają ich występowanie, z założenia są one więc bardziej efektywne niż koordynacja wymiany przez mechanizm rynkowy. Utworzenie i utrzymanie takich struktur jednak kosztuje, dlatego mamy do czynienia z kosztami zarządzania, których część stanowią koszty transakcyjne. Wynikają one z niedoskonałości wewnętrznych procesów, asymetrii informacji, podziału i ustanowienia praw własności, zachowań oportunistycznych czy specyficznych zasobów zaangażowanych w te procesy. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie problematyki kosztów zarządzania, postrzeganych z instytucjonalnego punktu widzenia jako koszty transakcyjne, i wskazanie na szerokie możliwości aplikacji tego podejścia, szczególnie w kontekście nowych zjawisk i procesów opartych głównie na nowoczesnych technologiach oraz mechanizmach współtworzenia wartości. Rozważania mają charakter koncepcyjny i opierają się na dorobku różnych dyscyplin naukowych.

Przekształcony rachunek kosztów pełnych w ocenie rentowności asortymentów

61%

Żuk K., Oniszczuk A.

Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania

2012

vol. 4(40)

141-151

The primary application of full cost accounting is to establish an actual unit cost of a product on the level of its technical production which would include the costs directly related to manufactured products as well as indirect production costs. This kind of cost accounting provides information and a tool for control, since it is the current standard of report accounting. It gives data concerning the incurred cost of products as well as of the type of business activity, not always reflecting their amount adequately. It has become particularly ineffective in calculating the unit cost of products in the case when high indirect costs are involved. This kind of accounting does not represent the real cost of particular products and, at the same time, their profitability. Therefore the applicability of this cost accounting in a decision-making process is limited. It is the reason for seeking new solutions in the field of cost accounting which would – on one hand remove the main drawback of the full cost accounting, which is calculating direct costs of production by using an arbitrary key, – on the other hand take into account, while calculating costs, also the ones which do not constitute basic operating expenses but can be ascribed to particular products. This publication presents methods of transforming the information generated by a book-keeping model of costs accounting for the purpose of a decision-making process. The results related to the product profitability obtained by application of full cost accounting and cost accounting transformed for the purpose of decision-making, are different. On the basis of a conducted analysis it can be said that the transformed cost accounting is more precise in calculating costs and accurate profitability of manufactured products.

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1 Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

1 Oniszczuk A.

1 Plichta J.

1 Żuk K.

1 2018

1 2012

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Management Costs as a Manifestation of Transaction Costs in Hierarchical Structures for the Coordination of Production and Exchange Processes

Przekształcony rachunek kosztów pełnych w ocenie rentowności asortymentów