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EN
In the interwar years, the Polish pedagogical press experienced intense development. Numerous periodicals devoted to the issues of general, secondary and vocational education, periodicals about non-school education and methodical and subject writings were published. One of the recognized methodological writings was "Manual Work at School" (1927-1939). In the quarterly was discussed the broadly understood problem of teaching manual works in general schools: the issue of the impact of manual work on student development, methodological solutions were presented both in theoretical and practical terms, and the relationship between the subject and aesthetic education and other classes taught at schools was pointed out. Numerous numbers contained reports on conventions, exhibitions and conferences taking place in Poland and abroad. The quarterly presented deliberately selected articles supporting teachers' self-education. A permanent group of specialists in their articles addressed a wide range of topics: from the scientific organization of the teaching process through art to the automotive industry. Texts posted in "Manual Work at School" became a contribution to the discussion and reflection on the organization of education.
PL
W latach międzywojennych polska prasa pedagogiczna przeżywała intensywny rozwój. Ukazywały się liczne periodyki poświęcone problematyce szkolnictwa powszechnego, średniego i zawodowego, czasopisma traktujące o oświacie pozaszkolnej oraz pisma metodyczno-przedmiotowe. Jednym z uznanych pism metodycznych była „Praca Ręczna w Szkole”(1927–1939). Na łamach kwartalnika podejmowano szeroko rozumianą problematykę nauczania robót ręcznych w szkołach ogólnokształcących: omawiano zagadnienie wpływu pracy ręcznej na rozwój ucznia, przedstawiano rozwiązania metodyczne zarówno w ujęciu teoretycznym, jak i praktycznym oraz wskazywano na związki przedmiotu z wychowaniem estetycznym i innymi zajęciami nauczanymi w szkołach. Liczne numery zawierały sprawozdania ze zjazdów, wystaw czy konferencji odbywających się w kraju i za granicą. Kwartalnik prezentował celowo dobrane artykuły wspierające samokształcenie nauczycieli. Stałe grono specjalistów w swoich opracowaniach poruszało szeroki zakres tematów: od naukowej organizacji procesu nauczania poprzez sztukę aż po motoryzację. Teksty zamieszczane w „Pracy Ręcznej w Szkole” stawały się przyczynkiem do dyskusji i refleksji nad organizacją szkolnictwa.
Vox Patrum
|
2018
|
vol. 70
171-191
EN
This article deals with manual labour in the life of monks as taught by St. Augustine in his treatise De opere monachorum. It describes the social context of the theme with particular reference to the situation in monastic communities of Carthage. Many monks in St. Augustine’s time were against manual labour. The article presents the structure of the Saint’s argumentation. St. Augustine clearly was in favour of the manual work of monks -and indirectly also of that of all Christians. The article analyses his exegesis of two Biblical texts (Mt 6:25-34 and 2Thess 3:10) that explain the need and beauty of work for daily spiritual growth. This is shown primarily on the basis of the teaching and example of the Apostle St. Paul, who was employed in various ways. Then the position of St. Augustine is discussed, according to whom the working monk gains the means of his support, cooperates with the Creator and continues His creative achievement. Work that allows the monk to attain some profit in temporal life and maintains the neces­sary equilibrium between the needs of the body and soul is shown above all to be a means for the attaining of the reward of eternal life. The monk, however, may be dispensed of manual labour, in part or even totally, in view of pastoral ministry, which plays a primary role in his vocation and mission.
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