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EN
This study examined the association between religiosity and marital satisfaction. One hundred and twenty husbands and wives completed a 30-item religiosity scale and a questionnaire measuring marital satisfaction. Findings were that wife’s religious behavioural practices, the number of children, and the husband’s faith were statistically significant (p < .05 and p < .01) predictors of the husband’s martial satisfaction. The study also found that wife’s religious behavioural practices and the husband’s educational attainment were statistically significant predictors (p < .01 and p < .05) of the wife’s marital satisfaction. Interaction effects showed that the combination of husband and wife religiosity combined in interesting ways to predict martial satisfaction, over and above the main effects described above. The ultimate aim of this study was to inform marital and other therapists on the role of religiosity in promoting marital satisfaction.
EN
The paper investigates the various factors from a socio-cultural perspective that have a bearing on the intercultural couple’s marital satisfaction in Westerner and non-Westerner relationships, and how cultural differences may potentially amplify the difficulties, which non-intercultural couples themselves are already likely to face. These factors include acculturation, language and communication, attitudes toward marriage, individual traits and behaviours, support of the family, societal views, gender roles, managing of the household finances and child rearing. Certain theories are also highlighted in an attempt to explain why these cultural differences have such a profound effect on the marital satisfaction of intercultural couples.
EN
Theory of attachment strongly influences exploring of close relationships in childhood and in adulthood as well. According Bowlby attachment is "lasting relationship bond characterized by need of seeking and maintaining proximity with a person in stressful situations especially (Bowbly, 2010). Hazan a Shaver (1987) applied theory of early attachment in romantic relationships of adults. Behavior of adult human in relationships is more or less predictable by style of attachment in childhood (Feeney, 1999). Brennan, Clark a Shaver (1998) created four-dimensional model of attachment which was based on Ainsworth´s theory as well. The model was formed of two dimensions - anxiety and avoidance. The authors identified four types of attachment: secure, fearful, dismissive and preoccupied style of attachment (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Satisfaction in romantic relationship can be explained as a degree in which is relationship for a human enojyable. Attachment influences satisfaction in relationship in terms of meeting need of proximity and safety (Mikulincer, Florian, Cowan, & Cowan, 2002). Several researches show that safe attachment is associated with higher satisfaction in marriage and on the other hand people with insecure style of attachment show lower degree of satisfaction in relationship (Alexandrov, Cowan, & Cowan, 2005; Treboux, Crowell, & Waters, 2004). At the same time style of attachment of the partner also influences individual a lot, satisfaction does not depend only on his own style of attachment but also on attachment of his partner (Farinelli, & McEwan, 2009). The study examined relations between the relationship attachment and marital satisfaction. The goal was to explain the relationship between the adult attachment and marital satisfaction of the individual and her/his husband/wife. The research examined relationship between adult attachment and marital satisfaction as well. Quantitative questionnaire survey: The battery consisted of four selfrepot questionnaires. The childhood attachment was measured by Attachment History Paragraphs (Granqvist & Kirkpatrick, 2004), adult attachment was measured by The Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) and satisfaction in marriage was measuredby two measures: Quality Marriage Index (Norton, 1983) and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Schumm, Bollman, & Jurich, 1997).The research sample consisted of 78 heterosexual married couple, together 156 people. The average length of marriages is 20.76 years. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires independently. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. People with a secure attachment style and their partners were most satisfied with their marriages. Our study showed relation between dismissive attachment style and low level of marital satisfaction for the individual, and for the partner of the examined one. The results of our study did not suggest any relationship between childhood attachment and marital satisfaction. The results indicate that secure attachment style is related to higher level of relationship satisfaction, in spite of stressful situation or demanding changes which are occurring in marriage. People with insecure attachment style devote a lot of effort to reinforce marital and couple relationship stability during difficult situations in relationship. Connection between marital satisfaction and childhood attachment has not been proven. The reason may be that childhood attachment is not always totally stable and it can be changed by life experience or personal characteristics of the individual. Our research confirmed that attachment is related to satisfaction in marriage. Research of relationship between attachment and factors affecting marriage is very beneficial, because new finding in this topic can help in clinical practice. Theory of attachment strongly influences exploring of close relationships in childhood and in adulthood as well. According Bowlby attachment is "lasting relationship bond characterized by need of seeking and maintaining proximity with a person in stressful situations especially (Bowbly, 2010). Hazan a Shaver (1987) applied theory of early attachment in romantic relationships of adults. Behavior of adult human in relationships is more or less predictable by style of attachment in childhood (Feeney, 1999). Brennan, Clark a Shaver (1998) created four-dimensional model of attachment which was based on Ainsworth´s theory as well. The model was formed of two dimensions - anxiety and avoidance. The authors identified four types of attachment: secure, fearful, dismissive and preoccupied style of attachment (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). Satisfaction in romantic relationship can be explained as a degree in which is relationship for a human enojyable. Attachment influences satisfaction in relationship in terms of meeting need of proximity and safety (Mikulincer, Florian, Cowan, & Cowan, 2002). Several researches show that safe attachment is associated with higher satisfaction in marriage and on the other hand people with insecure style of attachment show lower degree of satisfaction in relationship (Alexandrov, Cowan, & Cowan, 2005; Treboux, Crowell, & Waters, 2004). At the same time style of attachment of the partner also influences individual a lot, satisfaction does not depend only on his own style of attachment but also on attachment of his partner (Farinelli, & McEwan, 2009). The study examined relations between the relationship attachment and marital satisfaction. The goal was to explain the relationship between the adult attachment and marital satisfaction of the individual and her/his husband/wife. The research examined relationship between adult attachment and marital satisfaction as well. Quantitative questionnaire survey: The battery consisted of four selfrepot questionnaires. The childhood attachment was measured by Attachment History Paragraphs (Granqvist & Kirkpatrick, 2004), adult attachment was measured by The Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) and satisfaction in marriage was measuredby two measures: Quality Marriage Index (Norton, 1983) and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Schumm, Bollman, & Jurich, 1997).The research sample consisted of 78 heterosexual married couple, together 156 people. The average length of marriages is 20.76 years. Participants were instructed to complete the questionnaires independently. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. People with a secure attachment style and their partners were most satisfied with their marriages. Our study showed relation between dismissive attachment style and low level of marital satisfaction for the individual, and for the partner of the examined one. The results of our study did not suggest any relationship between childhood attachment and marital satisfaction. The results indicate that secure attachment style is related to higher level of relationship satisfaction, in spite of stressful situation or demanding changes which are occurring in marriage. People with insecure attachment style devote a lot of effort to reinforce marital and couple relationship stability during difficult situations in relationship. Connection between marital satisfaction and childhood attachment has not been proven. The reason may be that childhood attachment is not always totally stable and it can be changed by life experience or personal characteristics of the individual. Our research confirmed that attachment is related to satisfaction in marriage. Research of relationship between attachment and factors affecting marriage is very beneficial, because new finding in this topic can help in clinical practice.
EN
Differentiation of self refers to the ability to modulate affect, maintain a clear sense of self, and balance intimacy and autonomy in significant relationships. The author tested whether differentiation mediated the relationship between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The sample consisted of 220 married women. Marital satisfaction was found to be inversely correlated with perceived stress. Greater marital satisfaction also coincided with better differentiation of self (less emotional reactivity, greater I position, less emotional cutoff and fusion with others), while lower level of differentiation was significantly associated with higher feeling of stress. Differentiation of self also mediated the linkage between marital satisfaction and stress perceived by women. The results support searching hypothesis.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
|
2013
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
21-33
EN
The issues broached by the article concern the interdependence of social roles assumed by adults. From the point of view of optimal conditions for offspring development, the level of adults’ involvement in parenting tasks and the degree to which the involvement depends on their professional and marital satisfaction is signifi cant. It is assumed, that involvement in the role of a mother or father has an effect on the functioning of both adults and their children, nalogous to professional involvement, which yields individual (shaping abilities and self esteem) and supra- individual (affecting an organisation’s efficiency) consequences. The article presents an attempt at an operationalization of involvement in parenting and the results of the relationships of the aforementioned adult activity areas. The research indicates that the exposed dependency is based on a correlation between both the overall marital satisfaction as well as its individual aspects. Whereas linear regression analysis indicates that the relationship between self-fulfi lment in a marriage, spouse intimacy and involvement in parenting is not statistically signifi cant. Also the level of marital disillusionment does not allow us to forecast adult involvement in parental tasks. The variable pertaining to marital satisfaction signifi cant for parental involvement is spousal similarity. Individuals who see similarities between themselves and their spouse exhibit higher levels of involvement. On the other hand, generalised professional satisfaction is not signifi cant when it comes to parental involvement. Only colleague satisfaction constitutes a significant, albeit weak predictor for parental involvement.
EN
Processes of children’s in the family are partly related to the quality of their parents’ marriage, which is influenced by various factors. Different factors have significant influence on marital quality. In particular, the link between personal characteristics of spouses (e.g. personality traits, attitudes, and values) and marital satisfaction has received much attention. However, there have been few studies concerning partners’ personal resources. The current research examined the effect of self-efficacy and resiliency on marital satisfaction among women. The study has covered 239 married women. Three questionnaires were used: the Wellmatched Marriage Questionnaire (KDM-2; Plopa, 2008), the Resiliency Assessment Scale (SPP-25, Ogińska-Bulik, Juczyński, 2008), and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES, Polish adaptation, Juczyński, 2001). Correlation and regression analyses were performed in this study. Both general self-efficacy and resiliency proved to be positively associated with marital satisfaction in general terms. Self-efficacy also correlated positively with intimacy and similarity, while resiliency correlated positively with all favorable dimensions of marital relation, and negatively with disappointment. Regression analyses showed that one aspect of resiliency – openness to experience and sense of humour – was a significant positive predictor of marital satisfaction.
7
70%
EN
Although marital satisfaction is intensively explored in the psychological literature at present, there are few papers strictly focused on spouse fit in late adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether spouses’ personality fit and values fit are associated with marital satisfaction. To test this, we examined 60 Polish married couples (120 participants) aged 60-75. We used the following measures: NEO-PI-R (as adapted by J. Siuta), Scheler Values Scale (P. Brzozowski), and the Well-Matched Marriage Questionnaire (Plopa & Rostowski). Due to the nonindependence of dyads, data was analyzed in the single-level paradigm, and the level of fit was estimated by Gower Agreement Index (J. C. Gower). The results yielded by SEM path analysis indicate that spouses’ personality fit is associated with the satisfaction of both spouses, while spouses’ values fit, under-stood objectively in accordance with Scheler’s theory, is not related to their satisfaction. The findings may be useful in psychological practice such as marriage counselling and marital therapy.
EN
The main objective of this study was to develop a Polish version of the Remarriage Belief Inventory (RMBI; Higginbotham, Adler-Baeder, 2008) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Data were collected from a total sample of 262 divorced people. The statistical analysis confirmed satisfactory psychometric properties of the developed Polish version of RMBI. The structure of the Polish version of RMBI obtained in a factor analysis was similar to the original one – exploratory and confirmatory analyses validated the seven-factor structure. The second objective of this study was to explore the role of beliefs about remarriages in the assessment of marital satisfaction. The sample comprised 107 remarried individuals. The regression analysis showed that among the seven original remarriage beliefs statistically significant predictors of marital satisfaction were the following three: (i) success of stepfamily is slim, (ii) new partner is perfect, and (iii) stepfamilies are second-class. Further research on this topic is needed.
EN
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between marital satisfaction and theperception of partner’s communication style. It was hypothesized, on the basis of literature,that the perception of the partner’s communication behaviours; such as supportive,engaged, and depreciated, is related to marital satisfaction. The study design comprisedof a correlational study in which participants were asked to fill in the questionnaires. The results indicated a significant correlation between marital satisfaction and the perception of partner communication style as supportive, engaged, and depreciated. The higher levelof marital satisfaction was found in the married adults who perceived their partner’scommunication style as highly supportive and engaged, but the least depreciated. The results confirmed the importance of communication between partners for their perceived satisfaction with the relationship.
PL
The adult under the pressure of demands to function in two life domains: work and family There is a growing number of men and women engaged in work and family roles. This article describes linkages between the work-family interface and individual, family and work outcomes: life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, individual psychologicall well-being, job stress. Recent studies on the work-family interface have focused on the scarcity perspective, which posits that engaging in multiple roles results in interrole conflict when participation in one role is made more difficult by virtue of participation in the other role. Other studies support the facilitation or enhancement hypothesis which suggests, that participation in one role is made better or easier by virtue of participation in the other role. The aim of this research is to present a research project studying the work-family questionnaire (Grzywacz, Bass, 2003) assessing work-family conflict, work-family facilitation, family-work conflict, family-work facilitation:to analyze both the conflict and facilitation dimensions and both directions of influence: work to family and family to work in dual-earner couples,to examine the relation of conflict and facilitation to life satisfaction, marital satisfaction and other indicators of mental health.The subjects in this research are 80 married couples living in dual-earner families in Poland, who have at least one child under 12.Measures used in this study:Work-Family Fit Questionnaire (Grzywacz, Bass, 2003) in Polish version adopted by Lachowska (2005),Job characteristics assessed through a questionnaire developed by Dudek at al. (1999),General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1978),Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, Fowers, 1993),Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener at al., 1993).
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza wyników badań własnych, dotyczących znaczenia stygmatyzacji przeniesionej dla obrazu siebie oraz satysfakcji małżeńskiej partnerów osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową. Uwzględniając globalny poziom stygmatyzacji przeniesionej, postrzeganej oraz odczuwanej, przeanalizowano jego znaczenie dla wybranych własności obrazu siebie pełnosprawnych współmałżonków oraz doświadczanej przez nich satysfakcji ze związku w zakresie poszczególnych jej aspektów oraz wskaźnika globalnego. W badaniach wzięło udział 85 osób pełnosprawnych. Materiał zebrano za pomocą Kwestionariusza Stygmatyzacji Przeniesionej własnego autorstwa, Skali Samooceny Fittsa oraz Kwestionariusza Dobranego Małżeństwa Plopy. Ustalono, że poziom stygmatyzacji przeniesionej w obu jej wymiarach różnicuje istotnie własności obrazu siebie badanych oraz ich satysfakcję małżeńską. Osoby o wysokim poziomie stygmatyzacji ujawniły relatywnie najwyższy poziom samokrytycyzmu i identyfikacji z własnym Ja, ale również najwyższe wartościowanie poszczególnych sfer Ja. Najkorzystniejszy obraz związku małżeńskiego, ze stosunkowo najwyższym poczuciem intymności oraz podobieństwa, a przy tym najniższym rozczarowaniem, odnotowano u osób mających niski poziom stygmatyzacji w obu jej wymiarach.
EN
The paper analyzes the results of the author's own research on the significant role played by courtesy stigma in the concept of self and marital satisfaction among spouses of individuals with a mobility disability. Considering the global level of courtesy stigma (perceived and enacted), its significance for selected characteristics of the self-concept among the non-disabled spouses, as well as for their marital satisfaction in specific aspects and generally, was analyzed. The sample consisted of 85 non-disabled individuals. The material for analysis was obtained using the Courtesy Stigma Questionnaire developed by the author, as well as Tennessee Self-Concept Scale by W. H. Fitts and the Well-Matched Marriage Questionnaire by M. Plopa. The level of courtesy stigma, in both aspects, was found to significantly differentiate characteristics of respondents' concept of self and marital satisfaction. Individuals with high levels of stigma revealed relatively the highest level of self-criticism and identification with the self, but also ascribed the highest value to specific aspects of the self. The most positive image of a marital relationship with the relatively highest feeling of intimacy and similarity, and at the same time, the lowest disappointment levels, was found among individuals with low levels of stigma (perceived and enacted).
EN
This paper will focus on the problem of experiencing a negative emotion that is jealousy. The first section of the paper describes jealousy and shows its development in ontogenesis. It points to the theories explaining differences in how jealousy is experienced in the context of personality traits and gender. The authors draw attention to one of the most significant current discussions, namely, the correlation between the experience of jealousy and the sense of quality of a partnership. They review recent research on the experience of jealousy ina romantic relationship. They show various dimensions of jealousy and attempt to clearly distinguish jealousy from other emotions.
PL
Prezentowany artykuł dotyczy problemu doświadczania negatywnej emocji, jaką jest zazdrość. Pierwsza część artykułu definiuje tę emocję, ukazuje przebieg rozwoju zazdrości w ontogenezie. Zwraca również uwagę na teorie wyjaśniające różnice w przeżywaniu zazdrości w kontekście cech osobowości oraz płci. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na jeden z ważnych obecnych problemów, jakim jest związek między doświadczaniem zazdrości a poczuciem jakości związku partnerskiego. Dokonują przeglądu badań dotyczących przeżywania zazdrości w romantycznym związku. Przybliżają różne wymiary zazdrości, a także podejmują próbę jednoznacznego odróżnienia zazdrości od innych emocji.
EN
The aim of this article is an empirical verification of the relations between partner’s personality traits according to Gender Scheme Theory by Sandra Bem and the quality of the marital relationship and life in the scope of cognitive and emotional dimensions of subjective well-being. 105 couples being in a marital relationship, for at least 1 year, were examined. The age of the examined couples ranged from 21 to 78 years, while the number of years being in a marital relationship oscillated from 1 to 54 years. Four indispensable tools were applied: IPP – the inventory to examine psychological sex; KDM-2 – the scale to measure satisfaction in marital relationships; SWLS – the measure of the cognitive dimension of subjective well-being; PANAS-X – the measure of the emotional dimension of subjective well-being. Most of the formulated hypotheses were confirmed. The results of the conducted research indicated that people who possess certain psychological characteristics connected with gender show better adjustment. What is more, these people possess greater satisfaction from marital relationships and a higher ratio of subjective well-being in the dimensions of life satisfaction and positive emotions. Moreover, the most sought type of psychological sex is androgenic sex.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest empiryczna weryfikacja relacji między cechami osobowości partnera rozumianymi zgodnie z Teorią Schematu Płci autorstwa Sandry Bem a zadowoleniem ze związku małżeńskiego i własnego życia w zakresie poznawczych i emocjonalnych wymiarów dobrostanu psychicznego. 105 par będących w związku małżeńskim przez okres co najmniej 1 roku, zostało zbadanych. Wiek badanych wahał się od 21 do 78 lat, podczas gdy staż małżeński oscylował w granicach od 1 do 54 lat. Cztery niezbędne narzędzia zostały zastosowane: IPP – inwentarz badający płeć psychologiczną; KDM-2 – skala do pomiaru zadowolenia w związkach małżeńskich; SWLS – miara poznawczego wymiaru dobrostanu psychicznego; PANAS-X – miara emocjonalnego wymiaru dobrostanu psychicznego. Większość sformułowanych hipotez została potwierdzona. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że osoby, które posiadają pewne cechy psychologiczne związane z płcią wykazują lepsze przystosowanie. Co więcej, osoby te posiadają silniejszą satysfakcję z relacji małżeńskich i wyższy dobrostan psychiczny w wymiarach satysfakcji z życia i pozytywnych emocji. Najbardziej optymalnym rodzajem płci psychologicznej jest płeć z cechami androgennymi.
Roczniki Pedagogiczne
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2013
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vol. 5(41)
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issue 3
123-140
EN
Experiencing depression symptoms (depression) is an important problem concerning parents of handicapped children, including also parents of deaf and hard of hearing children. Studies show that these symptoms are more intensive in mothers of small children than in fathers, and also in mothers of hearing, typically developing children. The present study poses the question if there are differences of intensity of depression symptoms experienced by mothers and fathers of deaf children aged between 3 months and 15 years as compared to parents of hearing children. The study takes into consideration the relation between the intensity of depression symptoms and the time elapsed from the child's diagnosis of deafness. The question posed was whether socio-demographic variables, such as: sex, age, education, parent's marital status and marital satisfaction, as well as variables related to the child's deafness that is: the child's age at the moment of diagnosis of deafness, the time elapsed from that moment, the degree of hearing loss, the type of prosthesis used (conventional hearing aid versus cochlear implant) and satisfaction with rehabilitation may be predictors of the intensity of depression symptoms experienced by parents. The study included 185 mothers and 55 fathers and parents of hearing children as a control group. The intensity of depression symptoms was measured using the D Scale of GHQ-28 questionnaire. The results indicate that mothers of deaf children experience significantly more intensive depression symptoms compared to mothers of hearing, typically developing children. Depression symptoms are most intense in the first, second and seventh year from the diagnosis of deafness. In fathers no relationship between time elapsed from the diagnosis of deafness and intensity of depression symptoms was found. An important predictor of the intensity of depression symptoms in parents of deaf children and in parents of typically developing children was found to be the marital satisfaction, and not the socio-demographic variables including marital status. A higher intensity of depression symptoms in fathers of deaf children may be predicted only when the child at the moment of diagnosis of deafness is older. Constant availability of various forms of psychological intervention and psychotherapy, including marital psychotherapy, in the offer of centers responsible for rehabilitation and education of children is crucial for parents of deaf children, because their mental functioning as parents (depression) is in strong relation with their marital satisfaction.
PL
Doświadczanie objawów depresyjnych (depresji) jest ważnym problemem w odniesieniu do rodziców dzieci niepełnosprawnych, także rodziców dzieci głuchych i słabosłyszących. W badaniach stwierdza się większe ich nasilenie u matek małych dzieci w porównaniu z ojcami, a także matkami dzieci słyszących o typowym rozwoju. W prezentowanych badaniach postawiono pytanie, czy istnieją różnice w nasileniu objawów depresji u matek i ojców dzieci głuchych w wieku od 3. miesięcy do 15. lat w porównaniu z rodzicami dzieci słyszących. Uwzględniono związek nasilenia objawów depresji z czasem upływającym od momentu zdiagnozowania głuchoty (niedosłuchu) dziecka. Postawiono pytanie, czy zmienne socjodemograficzne, takie jak płeć, wiek, wykształcenie, status małżeński rodzica, satysfakcja małżeńska, a także zmienne związane z głuchotą dziecka, do których zaliczono: wiek dziecka w momencie zdiagnozowania głuchoty i czas upływający od tego momentu, stopień ubytku słuchu, typ protezy wzmacniającej słyszenie (konwencjonalne aparaty słuchowe v. implanty ślimakowe) i zadowolenie z rehabilitacji są predyktorami nasilenia objawów depresji u rodziców. Badaniami objęto 185 matek i 55 ojców dzieci głuchych i słabosłyszących oraz rodziców dzieci słyszących stanowiących grupę kontrolną. Do pomiaru nasilenia objawów depresji wykorzystano Skalę D kwestionariusza GHQ-28. Rezultaty badań wskazują, że matki dzieci głuchych doświadczają w istotnie większym nasileniu objawów depresji w porównaniu z matkami dzieci słyszących o typowym rozwoju. Objawy depresji przyjmują największe nasilenie w pierwszym, drugim i siódmym roku od momentu zdiagnozowania głuchoty u dziecka. U ojców stwierdzono brak związku między czasem upływającym od momentu postawienia tej diagnozy a nasileniem objawów depresji. Istotnym predyktorem nasilenia objawów depresji rodziców dzieci głuchych i dzieci o typowym rozwoju okazała się satysfakcja małżeńska, nie zaś zmienne socjodemograficzne, w tym status małżeński. Większe nasilenie doświadczanych objawów depresji u ojców dzieci głuchych pozwala przewidywać jedynie starszy wiek dziecka w momencie zdiagnozowania u niego głuchoty. W ofercie ośrodków zajmujących się rehabilitacją i edukacją dzieci głuchych i słabosłyszących, ich rodzice potrzebują stałej dostępności różnych form interwencji psychologicznej i psychoterapii, także małżeńskiej, gdyż ich psychiczne funkcjonowanie jako rodzica (depresja) pozostaje w silnym związku z satysfakcją małżeńską.
Family Forum
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2015
|
issue 5
141-160
EN
The aim of this article is to examine the complex relationships between marital satisfaction and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of the spouses. Although the overall positive association between marital quality and well-being is well established, several important issues remain unexplored. As the previous research demonstrated, the protective effects of marital satisfaction on well-being were amplified when spouses were satisfied with the marriage, whereas the association was reversed when partners were exposed to conflicts and distortions in communication. In order to verify the hypotheses a hundred and twenty couples were given a set of four questionnaires to assess the level of marital satisfaction, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The results showed that marital satisfaction was positively linked to both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, not all of the dimensions of marital satisfaction were connected with well-being in the same way. Intimacy, self-realization, and similarity showed positive links with both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, while disappointment had negative associations with well-being measures. Interestingly, the relationship between marital satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being was stronger than between marital satisfaction and hedo­nic well-being. The results revealed that the associations of marriage satisfaction with well-being depend on the particular dimensions of marital interactions and the ways in which well-being is conceptualized.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie złożonych relacji między satysfakcją ze związku małżeńskiego a hedonistycznym i eudajmonistycznym dobrostanem psychicznym małżonków. Chociaż ogólny pozytywny związek między satysfakcją ze związku małżeńskiego i dobrostanem psychicznym został ustalony, kilka ważnych kwestii pozostaje wciąż niezbadanych. Wcześniejsze badania wykazały, że wpływ satysfakcji małżeńskiej na dobrostan wzrasta, gdy małżonkowie są zadowoleni z małżeństwa, natomiast wpływ ten maleje, gdy partnerzy są narażeni na konflikty i zakłócenia w komunikacji. W celu weryfikacji hipotez przebadano sto dwadzieścia par za pomocą zestawu czterech kwestionariuszy do oceny poziomu satysfakcji małżeńskiej oraz hedonistycznego i eudajmonistycznego dobrostanu psychicznego. Wyniki wykazały, że satysfakcja małżeńska pozytywnie wiąże się z zarówno hedonistycznym, jak i eudajmonistycznym dobrostanem. Jednak nie wszystkie wymiary satysfakcji małżeńskiej były związane z dobrostanem w jednakowym stopniu. Intymność, samorealizacja i podobieństwo wykazały pozytywne więzi z hedonistycznym i eudajmonistycznym dobrostanem, podczas gdy wymiar rozczarowania posiadał negatywne związki. Ponadto związki między satysfakcją ze związku małżeńskiego i eudajmonistycznym dobrostanem były silniejsze niż między satysfakcją a hedonistycznym dobrostanem. Wyniki pokazały, że związki satysfakcji z małżeństwa z dobrostanem zależą od konkretnych wymiarów interakcji małżeńskich oraz sposobu konceptualizacji dobrostanu.
EN
Processes of children’s in the family are partly related to the quality of their parents’ marriage, which is influenced by various factors. Different factors have significant influence on marital quality. In particular, the link between personal characteristics of spouses (e.g. personality traits, attitudes, and values) and marital satisfaction has received much attention. However, there have been few studies concerning partners’ personal resources. The current research examined the effect of self-efficacy and resiliency on marital satisfaction among women. The study has covered 239 married women. Three questionnaires were used: the Wellmatched Marriage Questionnaire (KDM-2; Plopa, 2008), the Resiliency Assessment Scale (SPP-25, Ogińska-Bulik, Juczyński, 2008), and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES, Polish adaptation, Juczyński, 2001). Correlation and regression analyses were performed in this study. Both general self-efficacy and resiliency proved to be positively associated with marital satisfaction in general terms. Self-efficacy also correlated positively with intimacy and similarity, while resiliency correlated positively with all favorable dimensions of marital relation, and negatively with disappointment. Regression analyses showed that one aspect of resiliency – openness to experience and sense of humour – was a significant positive predictor of marital satisfaction.
PL
Procesy wychowania dzieci w rodzinie są związane m.in. z jakością małżeństwa ich rodziców, na którą wpływ mają różnorodne czynniki. W szczególności wiele uwagi poświęcono analizie związków między indywidualnymi cechami małżonków (np.: cechami osobowości, postawami, wartościami) a satysfakcją małżeńską. Jednocześnie w niewielu pracach odnoszono się do zasobów osobistych partnerów. W prezentowanych badaniach testowano znaczenie poczucia własnej skuteczności oraz prężności dla satysfakcji z małżeństwa wśród kobiet. Badaniami objęto 239 zamężnych kobiet. Wykorzystano trzy narzędzia: Kwestionariusz dobranego małżeństwa (KDM-2; Plopa, 2008), Skalę pomiaru prężności (SPP-25; Ogińska-Bulik, Juczyński, 2008) oraz Skalę uogólnionej własnej skuteczności (GSES; polska adaptacja Juczyński, 2001). Została przeprowadzona analiza korelacji i regresji. Zarówno uogólnione poczucie własnej skuteczności, jak i prężność okazały się pozytywnie związane z satysfakcją z małżeństwa w ogólnym wymiarze. Poczucie własnej skuteczności korelowało pozytywnie również z intymnością i podobieństwem, podczas gdy prężność pozytywnie korelowała z wszystkimi pożądanymi wymiarami małżeńskiej relacji oraz negatywnie z rozczarowaniem. Analiza regresji wykazała, że jeden z aspektów prężności – otwartość na doświadczenia i poczucie humoru – był istotnym pozytywnym predyktorem satysfakcji z małżeństwa.
EN
One of the aim of this work was to verify whether there is anassociation between sexual satisfaction and marital and emotional intelligence and self-esteem in women after pregnancy loss. Material and methods: We examined 41 women after the loss of a child during pregnancy or childbirth in age from 20 to 35 years, attending support group meetings. The control group consisted of 40 healthy women. The present study used the scale of Sexual Satisfaction with Life, Drawing Sheet Self Appearance (RASW), selected Marriage Questionnaire (KDM-2), Emotional Intelligence Scale - Faces (SIE-T) and the questionnaire used in the study (Imprint information regarding satisfaction with their body weight). Results and conclusions: Women after the loss of a child during the pre-and perinatal characterized by a higher level of disappointment with marriage, sexual adjustment, self-esteem appearance in terms of the validity of parts of the body and a lower level of sexual performance and self-esteem in terms of satisfaction with body parts. In contrast, the results in emotional intelligence scale, manifested recognition of emotions based on facial expressions of both groups were similar. Both the overall level of satisfaction with sex life and the level of overall satisfaction of marriage are similar in both groups. In the group criterion was a significant positive correlation between overall sexual satisfaction and self-esteem appearance in terms of satisfaction and validity of parts of the body. It is noted that in women, after loss of the child, the higher the sexual performance scores - the higher the score scale matching, and self-esteem, sexual satisfaction in terms of validity of the appearance of the body.
PL
Jednym z głównych celów pracy było sprawdzenie czy istnieje związek między satysfakcją seksualną i małżeńską a inteligencją emocjonalną i samooceną wyglądu u kobiet po stratach ciąży w porównaniu z kobietami, które nie rodziły. Materiał i metody: Zbadano 41 kobiet po stracie dziecka w trakcie ciąży lub porodu w wieku od 20 do 35 lat, uczęszczające na spotkania grupy wsparcia. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 40 kobiet zdrowych. Grupa kontrolna została dobrana ekwiwalentnie pod względem wieku, wykształcenia i miejsca zamieszkania. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykorzystano Skalę Satysfakcji z Życia Seksualnego, Rysunkowy Arkusz Samooceny Wyglądu (RASW), Kwestionariusz Dobranego Małżeństwa (KDM-2), Skalę Inteligencji Emocjonalnej - Twarze (SIE-T) oraz ankietę konstrukcji własnej (metryczka z informacjami dotyczącymi zadowolenia ze swojej masy ciała). Wyniki i wnioski: Ogólnie rozumiany poziom zadowolenia z życia seksualnego jak i poziom ogólnej satysfakcji małżeńskiej są podobne w obu badanych grupach. W grupie kryterialnej stwierdzono istotny dodatni związek między ogólną satysfakcją seksualną a samooceną wyglądu. U kobiet, które doświadczyły utraty dziecka rozczarowanie dotychczasowym małżeństwem okazało się być wyższe niż w grupie kontrolnej. Co oznacza, iż kobiety po stracie dziecka częściej czują się zawiedzione jakością dotychczasowej relacji z partnerem. Kobiety, które doświadczyły straty dziecka charakteryzuje wyższy poziom dopasowania seksualnego w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Oznacza to, iż kobiety po stracie dziecka czują się bardziej dopasowane seksualnie ze swoimi partnerami - podobieństwo to widoczne jest w zakresie postaw, przekonań, potrzeb, pragnień i preferencji związanych z seksem, odczuwania pociągu seksualnego wobec siebie i wrażliwości partnera na upodobania partnerki. Wyniki w skali inteligencji emocjonalnej, przejawiającej się rozpoznawaniem emocji na podstawie ekspresji mimicznej obu grup były do siebie zbliżone.
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