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EN
The authors start with describing the phenomenon of sea piracy, which has historically been present since the beginning of shipping. They also try to distinguish it from the phenomenon of terrorism and the armed seizure of ship, and analyse the Somali piracy by defining its character and presenting its repercussions in international scene. Subsequently, the authors locate the phe-nomenon of piracy in the Polish law context, and deliver their interpretation of the crime of taking control over the sea vessel in the light of the art. 166 of the Polish Penal Code.
EN
Review of a book: Bimal N. Patel, Aruna K. Malik and William Nunes (eds.), Indian Ocean and Maritime Security: Competition, Cooperation and Treat, Routledge, London and new York: 2017
EN
The piracy possesses very long history and for some time has been recognized as a crime of the past. The renewed of its occurrence threatened to the international commerce and maritime safety. Illegal activities at sea can be divided in two groups: piratical activities and armed robbery at sea and acts of terrorism. International law has not one unified definition of the piracy. General frames helpful in defining are established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea which however by instituting conditions „for private ends” and „on the high seas”, restricts its use. Illegal acts of violence with relation to the ship, outside the high sea are defined by the International Maritime Organization, as armed robbery at sea to which the universal jurisdiction, is not in force. The key element that allows differentiating the piracy and the terrorism at sea is the motive. Pirates make it for the profit, and sea-terrorists are to gain, so called, the effect of the theatre. It should be noted that states directly subject by piratical attacks are rather reluctant to accusing and the sentencing of pirates in national courts in consideration of the complicated legal character of such matters and the necessity of assuring of the suitable standards of human rights. The question stays whether the international law gives sufficient grounds for accusing, sentencing and punishing of captive pirates. Despite of the undertaken activities, pirates often go free because of the lack of legal bases or the political will for sentencing. The present elaboration tries to systematize the definition of the widely understood piracy and describes mainstreams of activities undertaken by the international community, targeting the fight with this problem
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RU
Морское пиратство, несомненно, стало серьезной угрозой судоходству. Оно связано сбольшими материальными потерями, а также существенно влияет на чувство безопасности людей, находящихся в морских районах с угрозой пиратства. Это также увеличивает расходы в морском транспорте из-за больших затрат на страхование морских судов, экипажа и грузов. Иногда угроза пиратства также вынуждает нанимать вооруженную охрану во время экспедиции или платить выкуп пиратам. До недавнего времени казалось, что явление морского пиратства было преодолено и оставалось лишь мотивом, используемым в кинопродукции. Однако и по сей день страны Южно-Восточной Азии должны предпринимать совместные действия в области противодействия морскому пиратству.
EN
Sea piracy has undoubtedly become a serious threat to sailing. It is associated with material losses and affects the sense of security of people sailing in endangered sea areas. It also increased the costs of sea transport due to the high costs of insuring the units and the crew. Sometimes, it also forces the necessity to hire armed security during an expedition or pay a ransom to pirates. Until recently, it would seem that sea piracy is long gone, remaining only a motif used in movies. To this day, however, the countries of Southeast Asia must counteract pirates.
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