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Consonant Clusters Across Morpheme Boundaries: Polish Morphonotactic Inventory and its Acquisition

100%
Zydorowicz P.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 4
565-588
EN
Morphonotactics is a term introduced by Dressler and Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (2006) to refer to the interaction of phonotactics and morphotactics. This paper examines the acquisition of phonotactics and morphonotactics, i.e. consonant clusters occurring within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries. It is hypothesized that morphonotactic clusters will be better retained in production than lexical clusters as they carry significant morphological information. Additionally, the acquisition of consonant clusters will be investigated in terms of markedness. With respect to markedness, two hypotheses have been put forward. Firstly, less marked (preferred) sequences will emerge earlier. Secondly, preferred clusters will be retained in production better.
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Парадигматика и синтагматика видовременных форм русского глагола

88%
Klimonov V.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 45
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issue 1
PL
This paper addresses the following topics within the framework of natural grammar: On the paradigmatic level of the analysis (The Part titled “Semantics of aspectual-temporal forms of Russian verb”), the temporal and aspectual meanings of each aspectual-temporal form contained in the system of Russian aspectual-temporal forms are determined. On the syntagmatic level of the analysis (The Part titled “Pragmatics of aspectual-temporal forms in Russian”), the use of aspectual-temporal forms in standard and non-standard contexts is investigated as exemplified by performative verbs in the perfective future.
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Towards naturalness scales of pragmatic complexity

88%
Kilani-Schoch M., Sánchez Miret F., Dressler W. U.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
237
EN
This paper is an attempt to handle pragmatic complexity within the framework of Natural Linguistics. Specifically it aims at building two naturalness scales of the complexity of pragmatic inferences based on the naturalness parameters of trans-parency–opacity and of biuniqueness–ambiguity, illustrated mainly with French examples. The scales are complementary: transparency–opacity deals with hierarchized meanings, biuniqueness–ambiguity with exclusive alternative meanings. Pragmatic complexity is intended here as a function of the number and types of inferences or inferential steps included in the description of an utterance meaning. It is defined quantitatively and qualitatively and converges with cognitive complexity. The scales distinguish phenomena that are to varying degrees opaque or ambiguous (indirect, elliptic or non-literal) according to whether there is flouting or violation of a Gricean maxim and how this takes place. The number of cotextual and/or contextual dimensions as well as variable cog-nitive operations, modes of reasoning and meaning relations are taken as measures of pragmatic complexity. The paper also discusses the relation between complexity and markedness. This issue reveals a conflict between the perspectives of speaker and hearer.
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На пути к оптимальному структурированию системы видовых парадигм в русском языке

88%
Klimonov V.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2022
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vol. 47
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issue 2
155-163
EN
The author of this paper defines the aspectual paradigms of Russian verbs as such grammatical structures whose formal aspect is correlated with the conceptual one, therefore being its cognitive counterpart. With a view to analysing these paradigms he uses the theory of markedness as an analytic tool. According to it, the grammatical changes that occur in natural languages originate from general principles of naturalness which are typologically relevant. They result in morphological shifts that are linked to the verbalisation of Russian aspectual paradigms and allow to predict the direction of their development. In particular, the principle of natural grammatical development should be considered crucial. It means that the grammatical changes in natural languages cause elimination of marked elements, so that these more complex linguistic structues are replaced with less complex ones. Such a principle manifests an unconscious desire of language users to minimise their linguistic efforts, as it would place an additional burden on interpersonal communication.
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A "natural" approach to text complexity

88%
Merlini Barbaresi L.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
203
EN
Recent studies on linguistic complexity (Miestamo 2006, 2009, Miestamo et al. 2008) offer me the opportunity for comparing and re-discussing some major theoretical concepts that were at the basis of my model on textual complexity (2002, 2003, 2004) and which are also fundamental assumptions in those studies. Comparability is limited by the different objects of analysis, text in my research vs. cross-linguistic grammars there, but it is justified by a strong similarity in the very conceptualisation of complexity and in the criteria for defining it. The aim of this paper is to re-propose and further elaborate on my theoretical approach and confirm its validity. Text complexity is viewed as an instance of system complexity and text as a complex system. The analysis of text complexity under this light presupposes conceiving of the text as a dynamic configuration of components that, in the course of the text progression, variously interplay and with varied effects. The theory of complex systems offers good instruments for modelling this type of interplay and for explaining the changes and readjustments that follow. A theory of naturalness/markedness can help motivate and predict the emergence, type and scope of textual complexity.
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Labial palatalization in dialectal Polish: On phonetic naturalness in grammars

88%
Czaplicki B.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2013
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vol. 49
455-485
EN
It is argued that a universal hierarchical organization of features based on phonetic criteria is not a property of mental grammars. Hardening of the palatal glide in the context of labials gave rise to synchronic alternations in dialectal Polish that cannot be generated under analyses that relate structural complexity to phonetic factors. Theories that propose a phonetically-based hierarchical organization of features (various models of feature geometry) are shown to be inadequate because they fail to predict the existence of diverse palatalization patterns within one linguistic system. It is argued that an account of labial palatalization must rely on language-specific generalizations extracted from the data. Two approaches are consistent with this claim: an analogical approach and a substance-free geometrical approach. The proposed analogical analysis employs phonetically-neutral generalizations manipulating segments and the substance-free analysis makes use of Optimality Theoretic constraints that refer to a hierarchy of features established on a language-particular basis.
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Zvolací výpovědi v češtině: kontrastivní pohled

75%
Malá M., Nádraská Z.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2023
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vol. 105
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issue 2
173-187
EN
The text focuses on the formal realization of the communicative function of exclamation in Czech. Since Czech exclamative sentences do not constitute a separate formally distinct sentence type, we apply a contrastive (English — Czech) corpus-assisted approach to identify the formal indicators of exclamations at various language levels. Following Michaelis (2001), exclamations are defined as expressions of the speaker’s affective response to a situation; they comprise two components, namely the speaker’s assessment of a situation as extreme or non-canonical and the recoverability of the propositional content. Although there is no unambiguous conventional pairing between the exclamative function and its formal expression in Czech, the analysis has shown that the exclamation is typically indicated by the accumulation of marked linguistic means pertaining to various language levels, such as intonation/punctuation, expressive lexis, intensifying adverbs and particles and deviations from the canonical word order.
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Właściwości stylistyczne leksykalno-semantycznych ekwiwalentów frazeologicznych (ujęcie porównawcze)

71%
Stępień K.
Stylistyka
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2017
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vol. 26
337-349
EN
The subject of the study are elements of lexical contents, semantic development, vividness, as well as syntax and phonological structures which we distinguish while shaping the stylistic background of idioms and define as stylistic properties. Stylistic properties determine the appropriate use of idioms in linguistic communication. On the one hand, in translation practice, they cause problems with maintaining the stylistic value in the output language. On the other hand, in glottodidactics, maintaining the sameness of linguistic values in teaching idioms is not consistent. The purpose of the study of lexical and semantic equivalents is to describe and compare stylistic properties  of idioms in Polish, Russian and Belarussian. The comparative analysis is done on thebasis of dictionary idiomatic material, while lexicosemantic conformity serves as the basic indicator of selecting idioms. The comparative study reveals the existence of stylistic differences of some lexical and semantic equivalents. The results show that from the pragmatic point of view the use of a lexical and semantic equivalent may affect the created image and, as a result, the effectiveness of the message.
9
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Markedness Effects in the Semiotactics of the Hieratic Marker of the Stone Tablets in the Christian Sacrosphere

63%
Haładewicz-Grzelak M.
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium
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2023
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vol. 8
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issue 2
1-30
PL
Niniejsza praca wpisuje się w obszar badań nad wizualną tekstowością hieratyczną. W projekcie wykorzystuję semiotaktykę jako metodologię wypracowaną na gruncie współczesnej fonologii (w szczególności (mor)fonotaktyki, np. Dressler, Dziubalska-Kołaczyk 2006) do badania istotnych asymetrii jako zjawisk nacechowania  działających na hieratycznym znaczniku aktywnym zarówno w wyznaniu judaistycznym, jak i w  chrześcijaństwie: Tablice Mojżeszowe. W szczególności skupiam się na semiotaktycznym odzwierciedleniu efektów nacechowania  związanych z obecnością analizowanego znacznika w kościołach katolickich. Ustalam  implikacyjne ograniczenia współwystępowania i dochodzę do ustalenia kilku pierwszych w nanostrukturze znaku hieratycznego. Podstawą analizy jest dokumentacja cyfrowa przedstawień  Tablic Mojżeszowych w kościołach chrześcijańskich, którą zgromadziłem w różnych krajach Europy w latach 2010‒2022.
EN
The present article inscribes itself in the realm of the investigation of visual hieratic textuality. In the article, I use semiotactics as the methodology developed on the basis of contemporary phonology (in particular, (mor)phonotactics, e. g. Dressler and Dziubalska-Kołaczyk 2006 inter alia) to examine salient asymmetries as markedness phenomena operating on a hieratic marker active both in the Judaic denomination and in Christianity ‒ the Stone Tablets. In particular, I focus on the semiotactic reflection of the markedness effects related to the presence of the analysed marker in Catholic churches. I establish several implicational cooccurrence restrictions and arrive at establishing several primes in the nano-structure of a hieratic sign. The basis for the analysis is the digital documentation of the representation of the Stone Tablets in Christian churches which I collected in various European countries in the years 2010‒2022.
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Přechylování jmen živočichů

63%
Albrechtová B.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2016
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vol. 99
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issue 5
243-255
EN
The derivation of opposite gender forms in the case of animal names is a peripheral language phenomenon which is not covered by grammars in sufficient detail. Therefore, grammars sometimes contain simplified and inaccurate statements. This article describes occurrences of derived opposite gender forms of animal names in dictionaries and their usage. Some of the statements included in grammars are either disproved or further specified here. For example, this article proves the productivity of the frequently overlooked suffix -ka and points out the complexity of markedness of derived opposite gender forms. Although the article is primarily synchronic, it also deals with historical development where necessary.
11
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Final stops in Indo-European: their phonological classification as a key to the Proto-Indo-European root structure constraint

63%
Lipp R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2016
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vol. 77
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issue 4
251-299
EN
The connection of the thesis advocated by Meillet and Gauthiot of the “implosive”, i.e. unreleased, character of final Proto-Indo-European (PIE) obstruents with the structuralist framework of the Prague School opens up the view for our understanding of the phonological structure of the obstruent or plosive system of PIE and several ancient daughter languages, because based on Trubetzkoy’s theory of neutralization and the archiphoneme the relevant correlation marks can be set up by determining the phonemic status of “implosives”, i.e. unreleased stops, in positions of neutralization. We can conclude that in word final position PIE displayed unreleased lenes (with the phonetic features [–tense, –voiced, –aspirated]), which due to the distinctive function of tenseness (and not voice) were phonologically classified as mediae (with the phonological features [–tense, –aspirated]) and not as tenues (with the phonological features [+tense, –aspirated]). This state of affairs is still reflected directly by the not closely related Indo-European (IE) languages Latin, Avestan and Lydian, and indirectly or less clearly by Hittite, Vedic, Greek, and rudimentarily by Old Persian, Celtic, Slavonic, and possibly by Germanic.
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Slibuju, že už nechybuju? Je sloveso chybovat obouvidové?

51%
Veselý L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 2
65-80
EN
One of the tasks of this text is to find out whether the verb chybovat is only imperfective, or biaspectual (imperfective and perfective), while it has never been determined as biaspectual. With the help of introspection, questionnaire and corpus investigation, the author concludes that this verb is ambivalent as to expressing perfectivity. It is just somewhere on the way between the verbs only imperfective and verbs biaspectual, being exposed to many factors determining its further direction. The units that are currently undergoing change should be given, according to the author, increased research attention, as this could lead to a deeper understanding of the principles of linguistic changes. A part of the text is also a reflection on the causes of difficulties in trying to include a particular unit in the corresponding language class.
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Образность и лексика как элементы формирования экспрессивности фразеологических единиц

45%
Стэнпень К. И.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica
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2018
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issue 15
129-136
PL
Determinującą cechą związków frazeologicznych jest obrazowość. Natura obrazu, zawartego w frazeologizmach, charakteryzuje się wieloaspektowością, ponieważ nakładają się na niego ogólne właściwości przedmiotów oraz indywidualne spostrzeżenia. W wyniku czego traktowanie obrazu może być rozumiane jako subiektywne i wątpliwe pod względem wiarygodnego determinanta ekspresywności. Natomiast zwracana jest uwaga na ogólnie przyjęty i rozumiany odbiór świata pozajęzykowego, czyli relewantne cechy denotatu. One właśnie stanowią podstawę formy wewnętrznej frazeologizmów. Jej dosłowność albo irracjonalność wpływa na kształtowanie ekspresywności, jak również rzeczywistość bądź abstrakcyjność obrazu określa stopień nasilenia ekspresji. Losowo wybrane do zbadania frazeologizmy wykazały, że walory słownictwa zawartego w ich składzie też oddziałują na intensywność ekspresywności. Ponadto połączenie charakterystycznego obrazu z nacechowanym słownictwem wzmacnia poziom ekspresji. Opisany proces został przedstawiony w sposób ilościowy, którego jednostką miary stanowi jednostka intensywności (JI). Na podstawie wskaźnika JI podejmuje się próba porównania ekspresywności wybranych związków frazeologicznych.
EN
Imaging is a feature determining phrasemes. The nature of images contained in phrasemes is characterised by multi-dimensionality as images are comprised of general features of items and individual observations. As a result, image treatment might be perceived as subjective and doubtful from the point of view of a reliable expressiveness determinant. However, attention is paid to the generally accepted and understood perception of the non-verbal world, i.e. the relevant features of the denotation. It comprises the basis of the internal form of phrasemes. Its literalness or irrationality affects the shaping of expressiveness, and the reality or abstraction of an image determines the level of expressiveness intensity. Phrasemes randomly selected for examination demonstrated that the qualities of vocabulary contained in them also influence the intensity of expressiveness. Furthermore, a combination of a characteristic image with marked vocabulary strengthens the level of expressiveness. The described process was presented in a quantitative manner, the measurement unit of which is the unit of intensiveness (UI). An attempt to compare the expressiveness of selected phrasemes was made on the basis of the UI indicator.
RU
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Hudba a význam. Sémioticky a hermeneuticky orientované metodologické přístupy v anglo-americké muzikologii posledních desetiletí

32%
Čurda M.
Hudební věda (Musicology)
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2023
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vol. 60
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issue 3
323-375
EN
This study offers a selective overview of the most important methodological approaches and theoretical concepts relevant to the study of musical meaning which have emerged in the Anglo-American musicological tradition since the 1990s. It takes as its starting point the work of Lawrence Kramer, which represents the conceptual underpinnings of New Musicology, and continues with Michael Klein’s study of musical intertextuality, which helps to further illustrate the implications of post-modern philosophy for the hermeneutical interpretation of music. A significant portion of the text is dedicated to Robert Hatten’s work on markedness, correlation, gestures, topics, and tropes. The discussion of the topic theory also covers the contributions made by Raymond Monelle, Danuta Mirka, and others. The overview continues with Esti Sheinberg’s theory of musical incongruities and her typology of modes of semantic ambiguity, including irony, satire, parody, and the grotesque. To complement the traditional text-based approach to musical meaning, this overview also considers meanings communicated through the movements of the human body, referencing Nicholas Cook’s thoughts on embodied cognition and Robert Hatten’s approach to interpreting musical gestures encoded in a musical text. Attention is also paid to the line of thinking leading from Edward T. Cone’s ideas on the presence of different voices and personae in seemingly singular musical works, through Fred Maus’s conception of music in terms of dramatic interaction of musical agents, to Hatten’s theory of virtual agency. This is followed by the summary of Byron Almén’s theory of musical narrative, i.e. the capacity of music to articulate a trajectory leading from one state to another, propelled by the dynamic forces of conflict and resolution. Subsequent chapters discuss the relevance of recent approaches to the study of musical form (William Caplin, James Hepokoski, Warren Darcy) and the possibilities/limits of musical narrative in music since 1900, in which the conventional principles of syntax (tonality, form, motivic/thematic structure) are often questioned. In the closing section, the author returns to Kramer’s ideas, takes a stance with regard to the opposition of semiotic and hermeneutic approaches, and discusses ethical issues associated with the act of interpretation (and misinterpretation).
CS
Tato studie nabízí přehled nejvýznamnějších metodologických přístupů a teoretických konceptů vztahujících se ke studiu hudební významovosti, které se objevily v anglo-americké muzikologické tradici od devadesátých let minulého století. Výchozím bodem je dílo Lawrence Kramera, které reprezentuje ideová východiska tzv. Nové muzikologie, a pokračuje studií Michaela Kleina o hudební intertextualitě, která osvětluje některé další implikace postmoderního myšlení pro hermeneutickou interpretaci hudby. Podstatná část stati je věnována dílu Roberta Hattena, tedy konceptům jako příznakovost (markedness), korelace (correlation), hudební topoi (topics) a tropy (tropes). V diskusi o teorii hudebních topoi je rovněž zohledněn přínos autorů jako Raymond Monelle, Danuta Mirka aj. Navazuje výklad o modech významové nejednoznačnosti (semantic ambiguity), tedy o hudební manifestaci principů ironie, satiry, parodie a grotesky, jak je popisuje Esti Sheinberg. Kromě významů obsažených v (hudebním) textu je pozornost věnována též významům komunikovaným skrze pohyby lidského těla. Obecnou charakteristiku pojmu „vtělené kognice“ (embodied cognition) nabízí Nicholas Cook; možnosti studia významu expresivních gest zakódovaných v hudebním textu systematicky demonstruje Hatten. Opomenuta není též pozoruhodná myšlenková linie vedoucí od úvah o přítomnosti různých hlasů či „person“ v hudbě (Edward T. Cone) přes pojetí hudby jako dramatické interakce různých hudebních agentů (Fred Maus) po Hattenovu sofistikovanou teorii virtuální agence (virtual agency). Následuje kapitola představující teorii hudební narativity (Byron Almén), tj. schopnost hudby vyjádřit dějovou trajektorii směřující z počátečního do koncového stavu na základě dynamiky konfliktu a rozuzlení. V této souvislosti je diskutována relevance novodobých přístupů ke studiu hudební formy (William Caplin, James Hepokoski a Warren Darcy) a otázka možností a limitů hudební narativity v hudbě po roce 1900, v níž jsou často zpochybňovány konvenční syntaktické principy (tonalita, forma, motivicko-tematická práce apod.). V závěru se autor vrací k tezím Lawrence Kramera, zaujímá vlastní stanovisko k opozici sémiotických a hermeneutických přístupů a akcentuje etické problémy související s aktem interpretace (a desinterpretace).
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