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Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2013
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vol. 23
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issue 4
119-142
EN
Marriage contracted between a Catholic party and a non-Catholic spouse of an Eastern rite in Orthodox Church with no dispensation from the canonical form enjoys the favour of law. It means that within forum internum and forum externum it should be treated as contracted validly unless the church tribunal says it is invalid. A Catholic who in such circumstances utters his or her consensus commits a sin and crime which should be punished with just penalty. Such marriage should be noted in the marriage register of the parish in which it was contracted and in the baptism register of the Catholic party. The Catholic spouse is bound to notify as soon as possible the same ordinary and pastor about the marriage celebrated. Due to the complexity of the matter it is recommended that the priest before drawing the marital contract consult the local ordinary. If there were any premises which could lead to challenging the preassumtion of marriage validity, the ordinary should resolve whether this marriage could be convalidated or brought forward before the promoter of justice to question the validity of so contracted marriage. If any of the parties entered in marriage according to the law of their respective community, the first marriage has the favour of law. In such a case there are premises to proclaim the nullity of the marriage contracted in the Orthodox Church.
EN
The paper focuses on the issue of the impact of failing to fulfil one of the necessary conditions for entering into a religious marriage, which is the issuance of a religious marriage certificate, on the security of legal transactions. To this end, the paper analyzes the essential components of this condition, which is a proper preparation and timely delivery of documents that are the basis for issuing a marriage certificate by a civil registry office. Next, possible reactions of a civil registration body are presented in relation to a failure to fulfil any of the individual components of this condition for marriage. Then, the paper discusses specific consequences of not issuing a religious marriage certificate, presenting situations in which spouses and other persons involved in legal transactions in connection with the marriage concluded will not be able to exercise the rights (and obligations) that would arise if a civil registrar issued the marriage certificate. From a de lege ferenda perspective, it is postulated that the current regulations on concluding a religious marriage should be amended, which will make it possible to ensure the security of legal transactions and, in many cases, eliminate non-material harm and damage resulting from a failure to enter into a marriage.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie dotyczące wpływu braku realizacji jednej z przesłanek koniecznych zawarcia małżeństwa w formie wyznaniowej, jaką jest sporządzenie aktu małżeństwa zawieranego w formie wyznaniowej na bezpieczeństwo obrotu prawnego. W tym celu w artykule przeanalizowano istotne elementy tej przesłanki, którymi są prawidłowo sporządzone i terminowo doręczone dokumenty stanowiące podstawę sporządzenia aktu małżeństwa w USC, a następnie ukazano możliwe reakcje organu administracji stanu cywilnego w związku z niedopełnieniem poszczególnych elementów tej przesłanki zawarcia małżeństwa. W dalszej części artykułu odniesiono się do konkretnych skutków niesporządzenia aktu małżeństwa w formie wyznaniowej, przedstawiając sytuacje, w których małżonkowie i inne osoby uczestniczące w obrocie prawnym w związku z zawartym małżeństwem nie będą mogły korzystać z praw (i obowiązków), które powstałyby, gdyby kierownik USC sporządził konstytuujący ten związek – akt małżeństwa. Podniesiono też uwagi de lege ferenda dotyczące zmiany obecnych przepisów dotyczących zawierania małżeństwa w formie wyznaniowej, która pozwoli na zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa obrotu prawnego, niwelując w wielu przypadkach szkody i krzywdy niematerialne rodzące się z niezawarcia małżeństwa. 
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