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1

Comparative Analysis of Mechanisms of Schumpeterian Evolution

100%

Lipieta A., Malawski A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2018

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vol. 14

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issue 1

7-28

EN

The paper extends the research program of modeling the Schumpeterian vision of innovative development in the framework of the Arrow-Debreu theory of general equilibrium. To study changes in the production sector, as well as in the whole economy, the concept of extension of the systems under study is introduced. It enables us to model the mechanisms of Schumpeterian evolution in the conceptual apparatus of Hurwicz’s theory of economic mechanisms. The paper is aimed at expanding our previous studies into two new directions. First, we establish the conditions sufficient for improving positions of various groups of agents such as producers, innovators, consumers, etc., under the price or qualitative mechanism regime. Second, to compare mechanisms of Schumpeterian evolution, we respect the logic of this process which is determined by innovative, as well as adaptive, equilibrium changes in the evolving economy under consideration. Consequently, we formulate two different criteria in our comparative analysis based, on the one hand, on the index of the distance between two innovative extensions of the given economic system and, on the other hand, on the increase in wealth of the given set of agents. The motivations of innovators, and the reason for which innovations are adopted into the producers’ and consumers’ plans of action, are also precisely explained in the paper. The results of our theoretical research can be useful in economic analyses, among others, in the case of the lack of the sufficient access to statistical data. Due to both the formal conceptual apparatus of the general equilibrium theory and Hurwicz’s approach to the problem of designing economic mechanisms, the paper takes the form of an axiomatic deductive system of mathematical theorems interpreted in the language of economics.

2

Mechanizmy interkulturowych zdarzeń komunikacyjnych,w których dochodzi do zagrożenia twarzy

88%

Zarzycka G.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2019

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issue 2 (24)

171-187

EN

The paper presents a fragment of the author’s research into interferences in in-tercultural communication with the participation of foreign students learning Polish. The research made it possible to record various stressful situations and stressogenic factors, including “face¬ threatening” ones, namely those involving the risk of losing one’s face, to which the foreign interlocutor, or sometimes al-so the other participant of the communication act, were exposed. The aim of the research is to detect mechanisms causing the image of the interlocutor or interlocutors to be upset (undermined). It also identifies and discusses didactic and non¬ didactic situations causing negative emotional perceptions and mental states at least in one of the communicating parties. The paper uses the concepts of “face” by E. Goffman, P. Brown and Levinson, as well as conceptual appa-ratus and research methodology of American communication ethnographers.

3

Mechanisms of social influence through the appreciations of the crime fraudage by the „grandson” and „the police” methods

75%

Różańska A., Pastwa-Wojciechowska B.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2018

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vol. 30(30)

192-209

EN

The purpose of this work is to show the phenomenon of fraud committing methods “grandson” and “policeman”. The offence of fraud is an act of high social harm, which victims become elderly, living alone or being alone in home at the time of committing the offence. In the literature of the subject for a long time it is shown that the elderly are preferred by offenders age group, as they show the limitations in the functioning of the physical, mental and social development. The offender, using a number of mechanisms of social influence and changing the way it operates, lead older people to huge losses, not only the material but also psychological (a letdown for help anytime soon or loss of faith in the pure intentions of other people) and social (loss of confidence in the people and deepening insulation). Note one more accuracy, namely, if the elderly betting on victims of crime is a constant element of the activities of the perpetrators, the offender themselves change their methods of operation, adapting them to the social changes and knowledge about our operation. Perpetrators have a great understanding, what needs are most important for potential victims, and they still improve their knowledge in the area of tools to influence social development. Changes in the behavior of the perpetrators within these methods affect crime detection by law enforcement and the implementation of preventive measures adversely. Practice of criminal in Poland lasts several years, and the offenders, by modifying the method of operation, made the crime a steady source of illicit income.

4

Modele mechanizmów i ich rola w wyjaśnianiu w ekonomii

75%

Hardt Ł.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 37

79-103

PL

Ekonomiści wyjaśniając zjawiska gospodarcze często odwołują się do pojęcia mechanizmu. W rezultacie, ważnym narzędziem badawczym ekonomii są modele mechanizmów. Celem artykułu jest analiza tego, czym są tego rodzaju modele, a także, jaki status epistemologiczny posiadają budowane na ich bazie stwierdzenia teoretyczne. Kwestie te omawiane są przy wykorzystaniu wybranych koncepcji filozofii nauki, w tym filozofii ekonomii. Artykuł odwołuje się też do historii ekonomii, gdy wskazuje na przyczyny popularności mechanicystycznych wyjaśnień w tej nauce. Rozważania metodologiczne zawarte w tekście ilustrowane są odniesieniami do dwóch modeli ekonomicznych – modelu segregacji rasowej T. Schellinga (1978) i modelu wyprzedaży H. Variana (1980). Jedną z podstawowych konkluzji artykułu jest konstatacja, iż prawa ekonomiczne formułowane na bazie modeli mechanizmów mają status jedynie przekonań o świecie (beliefs), a nie stwierdzeń o istnieniu uniwersalnych regularności. Ponadto, przekonania te są tym bardziej wiarygodne, im struktura modelu cechuje się większym stopniem izomorfizmu z tą istniejącą w rzeczywistości.

EN

Economists often refer to mechanisms in explaining economic phenomena. Therefore, models of mechanisms play an Important role in economics. The goal of the paper is to investigate of what kind of entities such models are and what is the epistemological status of theoretical claims built upon them. These issues are analyzed from the perspective provided by the general philosophy of sciences, including philosophical studies on economics. The paper refers also to the history of economics while accounting for the popularity of mechanistic explanations in this particular science. Methodological studies here presented are illustrated by references to the chessboard model by T. Schelling (1978) and a model a sales by H. Varian (1980). The paper concludes that theoretical claims built upon models have the status of beliefs rather than claims about universal regularities. Moreover, the closer the structure of such a model to the structure of its target, the more credible such a model is.

5

Kształtowanie administracyjnoprawnych warunków służących do budowy cyberbezpieczeństwa w administracji publicznej

75%

Romaniuk P.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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vol. 10

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issue 2

82-94

EN

The article in question concerns the creation of administrative and legal conditions for building an appropriate cybersecurity system in public administration. Under the current legal and organizational conditions, state cyber security is becoming one of the most important strategic goals in the area of security. The number of threats and incidents in cyberspace, as well as the degree of their advancement, growing every year, is now one of the key problems faced by public administration in the area of ensuring the uninterrupted functioning of the entire state, economy and society.

6

Niektóre mechanizmy wzrostu przestępczości w Szwecji

65%

Sarnecki J., Kossowska A.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1985

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issue XII

47-58

7

Pojetí mechanismu v současné teorii vědy

63%

Veselý A.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2016

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vol. 38

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issue 2

159-175

EN

The article provides systematic critical review of the notion of mechanism in the new mechanical philosophy (NMP). First, the origins and main principles of NMP are described. It is shown that NMP has originated mainly as a result of critique of logical empiricism. Then the main defining features of mechanism (responsibility for phenomenon, entities and activities, and their organizations) are specified and described in-depth. The article concludes with strong and weak points of NMP. It is argued that NMP provides a new and more realistic perspective on how science is actually realized, and how discoveries happen. It also has constructive normative appeal as it encourages scientists to look for mechanisms that can actually explain some phenomena. At the same time, however, in explaining complex phenomena the heuristics of decomposition and localization must be accompanied by other, more dynamic approaches.

CS

Článek podává systematický kritický přehled o pojetí mechanismu v tzv. nové mechanistické filosofii (NMF). Nejdříve je popsán vznik a hlavní principy NMF. Je ukázáno, že NMF vznikla do značné míry jako kritická reakce na, do té doby převažující, logický empirismus. Dále jsou představeny hlavní definiční znaky mechanismu (odpovědnost za daný jev, entity a aktivity a uspořádání), které jsou po té jednotlivě rozebrány. Na závěr jsou diskutovány přednosti a omezení NMF. Je argumentováno, že NMF nabídla novou a realističtější perspektivu na způsob, jakým se věda dělá a jak se dochází k vědeckým objevům. Má i konstruktivní preskriptivní charakter, neboť povzbuzuje vědce k přemýšlení o vysvětlení jevů prostřednictvím mechanismů. Na straně druhé, pro vysvětlení komplexních jevů jsou heuristiky dekompozice a lokalizace, které tvoří jádro „tradičního" mechanistického přístupu, pouze prvotními aproximacemi a je potřeba je doplňovat dalšími, dynamičtějšími přístupy.

8

Mechanisms of Informatisation of Public Administration of Military-Political Activities

63%

Rozhko V., Streltsov V.

Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2022

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issue 7

105-111

PL

Autorzy zauważają, że informatyzacja administracji publicznej działalności wojskowo-politycznej ma na celu stworzenie warunków zapewniających bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie informacji w celu osiągnięcia najlepszych wyników jej funkcjonowania, a mianowicie zwiększenie efektywności dostępu do zasobów informacyjnych; określenie lepszych parametrów i cech sytuacji wojskowo-politycznej, opracowanie i ocenę różnych alternatyw dla rozwiązań wojskowo-politycznych; zintensyfikowanie i usprawnienie organizacji interakcji informacyjnych między podmiotem a przedmiotem polityki wojskowej, wykorzystanie modeli matematycznych do podejmowania decyzji wojskowo-politycznych.

EN

The authors note that informatisation of public administration of military-political activity has as its ultimate goal the creation of conditions that ensure more efficient use of information to achieve the best functional results, namely; increasing the efficiency of accessed to information resources, determination of better parameters and characteristics of the military-political situation, development and assessment of various alternatives to militarypolitical solutions, intensify and streamline the organisation of information interaction between the subject and object of military policy, and the use of mathematical models for making military-political decisions.

9

Innovative Mechanisms in a Private Ownership Economy with a Financial Market

63%

Ćwięczek I., Lipieta A.

Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia

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2017

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issue 17

7-19

EN

Let a private ownership economy with a financial market be given. In this economy, innovations in Schumpeter’s sense of the term can be modeled by the use of the Arrow and Debreu topological apparatus. This set-up reveals the impact of the relationship between the financial and the real markets in the economy on innovation. The paper distinguishes and models innovations and different types of innovative mechanisms revealed within Schumpeterian evolution. Following Hurwicz’s approach to modeling economic mechanisms, the main results take the form of mathematical theorems interpreted in the language of economics.

PL

W ekonomii z własnością prywatną i rynkiem finansowym innowacje w ujęciu Schumpetera można opisać w topologicznym aparacie pojęciowym Arrowa i Debreu, dzięki czemu uwidacznia się wpływ wzajemnych powiązań między rynkami realnym i finansowym na procesy innowacyjne. Celem artykułu jest modelowanie innowacji i różnych rodzajów mechanizmów innowacyjnych ujawniających się w procesie schumpeterowskiej ewolucji. Zastosowanie hurwiczowskiego aparatu pojęciowego sprawia, że główne rezultaty przybierają postać twierdzeń matematycznych interpretowanych w języku ekonomii.

10

David Santillana and the expansion of civil law in Tunisia and Morocco

54%

Edaich S.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 2

121-130

EN

The evolution, in its pluralistic form, is a constant characteristic of the humankind history: in fact man has successively started discoveries and restarted experiments to improve his wealth and horizons. Law, in its positivist dimension, also is subjected to this evolutionary process. Firstly, because it is a social phenomenon; secondly, because it is a necessary instrument of organization and maintenance of order. Legal systems always tend to change and innovate to meet the needs of order in societies, either for a group or for a minority. The mechanisms and tools that ensured the transition from legal dispositions to others, were often conducted by an innovative idea whose efficiency is proven, even if theoretically, and then has been publicly and officially supported. Recent legal regulations, the so-called unified, harmonized and standardized, in turn have imposed the implementation of legal techniques and concepts to accommodate the global organizational order. These changes are heavily felt because of values and specificities that express its resistance and mistrust toward the new invasive practices, especially if they come from abroad. For states the issue is about sovereignty, whereas for individuals the question is related to the identity and the sacred that united them in a political and social model.

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Comparative Analysis of Mechanisms of Schumpeterian Evolution

Mechanizmy interkulturowych zdarzeń komunikacyjnych,w których dochodzi do zagrożenia twarzy

Mechanisms of social influence through the appreciations of the crime fraudage by the „grandson” and „the police” methods

Modele mechanizmów i ich rola w wyjaśnianiu w ekonomii

Kształtowanie administracyjnoprawnych warunków służących do budowy cyberbezpieczeństwa w administracji publicznej

Niektóre mechanizmy wzrostu przestępczości w Szwecji

Pojetí mechanismu v současné teorii vědy

Mechanisms of Informatisation of Public Administration of Military-Political Activities

Innovative Mechanisms in a Private Ownership Economy with a Financial Market

David Santillana and the expansion of civil law in Tunisia and Morocco