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PL
The problem of media ownership is crucial in democratic countries because the quality of the public debate depends on it. The aim of this analysis is to identify different forms of media ownership in six European countries (Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary and Italy) and the means by which these countries prevent the concentration of media ownership. Since the decisions made by the European Union have a great impact on the European media, the article also presents the position of the EU on the concentration of media ownership, as well as its response to decisions taken by member states regarding this matter. The 2000s and 2010s saw the liberalization of national regulations on the concentration of media ownership in some states. Attempts were also made to limit the relationship between the media and politics. There is also an emerging tendency towards integrated regulation, which includes both the media and the telecommunication markets.
PL
Opracowanie dotyka kwestii pluralizmu, własności medialnej, koncentracji i struktury kapitałowej mediów, prezentując uregulowania dotyczące tego zagadnienia w UE.
EN
This study analyses regulatory solutions at the level of the European Union, and Poland in particular. This issue is variously regulated in the national laws of many member states of the European Union. The fundamental objective of such restrictions should be the intention to ensure pluralism in the media. It is not the phenomenon of media concentration that poses a threat to freedom of expression but it is its scale.
PL
Koncentracja mediów to proces postępujący na całym świecie. Wiele krajów należących do Unii Europejskiej wprowadziło regulacje, ograniczające procesy koncentracji, ale są one niewystarczające. W artykule zostały przedstawione podstawowe formy koncentracji medialnej, podstawowe formy własności mediów oraz wpływ koncentracji na lokalny rynek medialny w Polsce. Artykuł pokazuje również zagrożenia oraz korzyści płynące z koncentracji mediów dla lokalnego systemu medialnego. Koncentracja medialna na poziomie lokalnym została opisana w pracy doktorskiej autorki publikacji. Niniejszy artykuł poszerza informacje zawarte w rozprawie doktorskiej i stanowi wstęp do dalszych badań nad koncentracją mediów lokalnych w Polsce.
EN
Media concentration is a process which progresses around the world. Many countries within the European Union introduced regulations restricting the processes of concentration, but they are insufficient. The article presents the basic forms of media concentration and ownership, and the influence of media concentration on the local media market in Poland. The article shows the risks and benefits of media concentration in a local media system. Media concentration on the local media market in Poland is one of the topics in the author’s doctoral dissertation. This article goes beyond information contained within the doctoral dissertation and it is the starting point for further research about media concentration in Poland.
PL
Media concentration is a process which progresses around the world. Many countries within the European Union introduced regulations restricting the processes of concentration, but they are insufficient. The article presents the basic forms of media concentration and ownership, and the influence of media concentration on the local media market in Poland. The article shows the risks and benefits of media concentration in a local media system. Media concentration on the local media market in Poland is one of the topics in the author’s doctoral dissertation. This article goes beyond information contained within the doctoral dissertation and it is the starting point for further research about media concentration in Poland.
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