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EN
The article is devoted to issues connected with trade routes and chronology of glass beads in the northern regions of medieval Rus’: Priladozh’e and Belozer’e (Russian North), corresponding today mainly to the Leningrad and Vologda regions. Barter in the fur trade caused huge quantities of glass beads to be concentrated in settlements of the region. Different bead types were present in three chronological periods: 10th–beginning of 11th c., 11th, 12th–13th centuries. Comparison of certain bead types traces the routes by which glass beads came to the north of Rus’. Another method calls for comparing bead necklaces from burials. Cemeteries of the 11th c. in Belozer’e have helped to clarify some of the issues. A characteristic of trade routes in the12th–13th centuries is limited due to a decline in the number of beads from archaeological sites.
EN
The main goal of the article is to present the possibilities and methods of research on the Rurikid’s matrimonial policy in the Middle Ages on the example of a selected group of princes. As the subject of studies were chosen Mstislav Vladimirovich and his children. In total, 12 matrimonial relationships were included. The analysis of the source material revealed very unfavorable phenomena from the perspective of the topic under study. The Rus’ primary sources gave information on the conclusion of just four marriages out of twelve. The next four matrimonial arrangement inform foreign sources (Scandinavian and Norman). It should be emphasized particularly strongly that – save for two exceptions of Scandinavian provenance – the sources convey no information whatsoever as regards the political aims behind this or that marriage agreement. It appears, then, that the chroniclers of the period and cultural sphere in question did not regard details concerning marriages (such as their circumstances or the reasons behind them) as “information notable enough to be worth preserving”. Truth be told, even the very fact of the marriage did not always belong to this category. Due to the state of preservation of primary sources the basic question arises as to whether it is possible to study the Rurikids’ matrimonial policy? In spite of the mercilessly sparse source material, it is by all means possible to conduct feasible research on the Rurikids’ marriage policy. One must know how to do it right, however. Thus, such studies must on the one hand be rooted in a deep knowledge of the relevant sources (not only of Rus’ provenance) as well as the ability to subject them to astute analysis; on the other hand, they must adhere to the specially developed methodology, presented in the first part of the article.
Studia Ceranea
|
2021
|
vol. 11
405-426
EN
The preamble to the Rus’ian-Byzantine treaty, which was concluded around 944, contains dozens of anthroponyms – the names of members of the Kyivian elite, their envoys as well as merchants. Several of them can be identified as Slavonic. The author attempted to answer the question about the identity of these Slavs and their status within the “decision-making collective” of the early Rus’ian state. He has compared the information contained in the treaty with material consisting of other Rus’ian and Byzantine sources. Additionally the author compared the system of governance in the state of the first Rurikids with the model present among the Yotvingians and other medieval Baltic societies, which have also came under the influence of the Scandinavians. 
EN
The article is an attempt to provide a source analysis of the mentions of Tmutarakan’ contained in the Primary Chronicle – the oldest surviving monument of medieval Rusian historiography. In the text, particular emphasis is placed on the narrative strategy of the source and the image of the borderlands of Rus’ contained therein. The author reflects on the place of information about events in the remote “exclave” of the Rurikids domain in the story about the dynasty and the territorial expansion of its state and formulates hypotheses about their origin. In addition, using the List of Rusian further and closer gords as a basis, he raises the question of the functioning of Tmutarakan’ in minds of the authors and recipients of later texts.
RU
Статья является попыткой источниковедческого анализа упоминаний о Тмутаракани, содержащихся в Повести временных лет - древнейшем из сохранившихся памятников средневековой руской историографии. В тексте особое внимание уделяется нарративной стратегии источника и содержащемуся в нем образу пограничных земель Руси. Автор размышляет о месте сведений о событиях в отдаленном "эксклаве" домена Рюриковичей в рассказе о династии и территориальном расширении ее государства и формулирует гипотезы об их происхождении. Кроме того, взяв за основу Список русинских дальних и ближних гордов, он ставит вопрос о функционировании Тмутаракани в сознании авторов и адресатов поздних текстов.
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