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1
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Fragment kalendarza w języku polskim z XIV/XV wieku ze zbiorów Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej w Krakowie

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Leńczuk M., Wydra W.
Slavia Occidentalis
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2020
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issue 77/1
81-91
EN
A manuscript stored in the Jagiellonian Library (no. 1564 from 1404) holds a fragment of a Polish calendar, previously unpublished, from the late 14th century or the early 15th century. Written on the last, extra parchment page, it is a fragment of a much larger manuscript. The first 13 days of January have survived (1 to 13 January) and 13 days of February (4 to 19 February). The fragment contains 17 names, five of which are not included in the Słownik staropolskich nazw osobowych (Dictionary of Old Polish Proper Nouns, W. Taszycki, ed., vol. 1-7, Wrocław 1965-1987), namely Arkadyj, Emilijan, Iginij, Sotera, Wedast. The word january (January, in Polish styczeń) has not been recognised by dictionaries, either. There is no equivalent of the calendar in question in Poland or other European countries. It is impossible to indicate the diocese or a milieu where it could have been used. The document includes a few names of saints properly attributed to the days of their cult and names attributed to days not used in other known calendars. This leads to a conclusion that the calendar was either used in an unknown milieu or we are dealing with a simple error of the copyist. The latter theory best explains the peculiarity of this fragment of the calendar. This is confirmed by marking 4 nd 5 February as Ide rather than Nones, and 12 and 13 February as calends rather than Ides. The calendar was probably erroneously planned by the copyist who confused the days and affiliation of saints. Perhaps these errors were spotted early, the copying process was never completed and the parchment was recycled. Most probably, the intention behind the calendar (1564) was a large parchment “poster”, reminiscent of a scroll, used to inform the congregation about the holidays in the year. The calendar is unique because of the names of saints included in it and the fact that it is written in Polish.
2
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The use of abbreviations by superscript letter in an early fifteenth-century manuscript of the Wycliffite Bible

100%
Grzybowska J.
Linguistics Beyond and Within
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2018
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vol. 4
51-62
EN
The use of scribal abbreviations in medieval manuscripts was mainly dictated by the need to save space and time as the creation of a medieval book was both extremely costly and time-consuming. One of the types of scribal abbreviations used in medieval manuscripts is abbreviation by superscript letter. In this type of abbreviations one superscript letter indicates the ending of a given word, or, in some cases, a medial position. Both vowels and consonants were used as abbreviations by superscript. They usually denoted, apart from the actual letter written in superscript, the preceding vowel or the letter . According to Cappelli (1929/1982), superscript letters in Latin were used mainly in word-final positions; however, it was not uncommon for a superscript vowel to appear word-medially. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the use of superscript letters in an early fifteenth-century manuscript of the Wycliffite Bible (Mscr.Dresd.Od.83) on the basis of the Gospel of Matthew. Within the manuscript there are both superscript consonants and vowels. However, in some cases these abbreviations seem to appear in very specific contexts, whereas in other cases the contexts allowing the abbreviations to appear are much broader. The possible reasons behind this situation will be discussed within this paper along with the correspondence between the superscript letter and the spelling conventions used within the manuscript.
3
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Konserwacja średniowiecznego modlitewnika Wikbolda Dobilsteina ze zbiorów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu

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Miller I., Bannach-Szewczyk L., Wojdyła B.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1(16)
77-99
PL
W ramach realizowanego w latach 2011/2012 projektu „Konserwacja zachowawcza średniowiecznych kodeksów dla celów digitalizacyjnych i wystawowych”, finansowanego przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, przeprowadzono konserwację pergaminowego modlitewnika Wikbolda Dobilsteina z XIV w., pochodzącego ze zbiorów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu. Artykuł zawiera krótki rys historyczny zabytku, przybliża postać jego fundatora i właściciela, zapoznaje także z wynikami badań techniki wykonania rękopisu. Ukazano stan zachowania oraz przebieg realizacji prac konserwatorsko-restauratorskich, przybliżając jednocześnie metodę konserwacji pergaminowego kodeksu bez jego demontażu, co do niedawna stanowiło rzadkość w przypadku pergaminowych ksiąg, zwłaszcza o tak zniszczonej konstrukcji oraz unikatowej podwójnej oprawie skórzanej.
EN
In the framework of the project „Conservation of medieval codices for digitization and exhibition purposes” executed in 2011/2012 and funded by The Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the conservation and restoration of medieval parchment book prayer of bishop Wikbold Dobilstein from the collection of the University Library in Toruń was carried out in the Preservation and Restoration Department of the Library. The article contains short description of the results of the scientific researches on the manuscript history, its contents, the life of its founder and owner and the construction of the book. The major part of the article refers to the condition of the book and the process of conservation and restoration treatment, that was successfully carried out without dismounting the manuscript. Such treatment has so far been rather unusual in case of the parchment books, especially so severely deformed and with a unique double-leather binding.
4
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Niedokończony rękopis czy celowe działanie? Na marginesie książki Eliny Gertsman „The Absent Image: Lacunae in Medieval Books”

63%
Figaszewska K.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
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2021
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vol. 58
249-257
EN
The article discusses the content of the newest book by Elina Gertsman, ‘The Absent Image: Lacunae in Medieval Books’ (2021), dealing with the subject of lacunae and emptiness in medieval manuscripts. It illustrates the way in which this topic can be inscribed into the modern tendencies in manuscript studies.
5
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Przegląd metod badań technologicznych zabytkowych kodeksów na przykładzie Codex Aureus Gnesnensis

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Kozielec T., Jabłońska E., Pronobis-Gajdzis M., Rogóż J.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1(16)
123-144
PL
W 2012 r. Codex Aureus Gnesnensis nazywany Złotym Kodeksem pochodzący z Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie (obiekt z syg. „BK Ms 1a”) został zbadany przez grupę pracowników naukowych z Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Kodeks został wykonany na pergaminie, bogato iluminowany, blok oprawiono w drewniane deski i skórę, a dekoracyjne elementy metalowe zostały dosztukowane do oprawy. Wszystkie główne rodzaje materiałów / substancji poddano badaniom: elementy metalowe, deski drewniane, skórę, pigmenty i spoiwa, pergamin, wytwory papiernicze, materiały tekstylne, materiały użyte do napraw. Nacisk położono również na badanie zniszczonych miejsc i produktów degradacji materiałów. Zastosowano różne metody badań w celu scharakteryzowania materiałów z których składa się obiekt. Były to: A). metody nieinwazyjne: obserwacje w świetle VIS, rentgenografia (RTG), reflektografia w świetle UV, fluorescencja wzbudzona promieniami UV, reflektografia w bliskiej podczerwieni, fluorescencja rentgenowska (XRF), fourierowska spektroskopia absorpcyjna w podczerwieni (FTIR-ATR), kolorowa podczerwień, pH wytworów papierniczych; B). mikroniszczące badania próbek: fluorescencja rentgenowska, badania obrazu próbek w mikroskopach optycznych (VIS, PL, UV), badania z użyciem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego ze spektrometrem rentgenowskim (SEM/EDX), fourierowska spektroskopia absorpcyjna w podczerwieni, kolorowa podczerwień, chromatografia gazowa (GC), badanie temperatury skurczu włókien kolagenowych (MHT), identyfikacja włókien wytworów papierniczych i tekstylnych (obserwacja cech morfologicznych, odczynniki – Hezrzberga i Schweizera), wykrywanie ligniny w produktach papierniczych (floroglucyna), identyfikacja substancji organicznych (zmydlanie, test na hydroksyprolinę, ninhydryna, czerń sudanowa, zieleń malachitowa, czerń amidowa). Przeprowadzono także badania mikrobiologiczne (nieniszczące: ATP, identyfikacja owadów; mikroniszczące: obserwacje próbek mikroorganizmów pod mikroskopem optycznym). Badania pozwoliły na określenie czasu powstania wszystkich elementów kodeksu oraz przygotowanie programu prac konserwatorsko-restauratorskich i ich realizację.
EN
In 2012 Codex Aureus Gnesnensis called the „Gold Codex” from the Archdiocesian Archive of Gniezno (item „BK Ms 1a”) was investigated by scientific workers from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The codex was made on parchment, reachly illuminated, block covered with wooden boards and leather, and decorative silver elements were set to the cover. All basic elements and substances of the object were investigated: metal elements, wooden boards, leather, pigments and binders, parchment, paper products, textile materials, materials used for reparation. Attempts were also put on investigation of degradation products of materials and decayed areas. Several methods applied to characterise meterials the object consists of. They were as follows: A). non-invasive methods: observation in ViS light, rentgenography (RTG), reflectography in the UV light, UV induced fluorescence, NIR reflectography, X-ray fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, False IR analysis, pH measure of paper products, B). microdestrucive analyses on samples: X-ray fluorescence, observation of morphological features under optical microscopes (VIS, PL, UV), SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), FTIR spectroscopy, False IR analysis, gas chromatography, collagen shrinkage temperature (MHT), fiber identification of paper products and textiles (morphological features, Herzberg stain, Schweizer reagent), lignin detection in paper products (phloroglucin), microchemical identification of organic substances (saponification test, hydroxyroline test, ninhydrin, sudan black, malachite green, amido black). Also the microbiological investigations were performed (nondestructive: ATP, insects identification; microdestructive: observation of sampled microorganisms under optical microscope). Results of investigations allowed dating of parts of the codex as well as realisation of the conservation-restoration project.
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