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MtDNA analysis of early-medieval human remains from the cemetery in Grodowice (PL)

100%
Kubica-Grygiel A., Csáky V., Mende B. G.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2019
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vol. 67
291-306
EN
The genetic composition of the medieval populations of Central Europe, Poland in particular, has been poorly investigated to date. Although a few DNA datasets from Poland have been published recently, no large-scale ancient DNA study on medieval populations has hitherto been reported. This paper reports the study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and presents the first population-level human DNA study from Lesser Poland by establishing mitochondrial DNA profiles for 13 samples from the Grodowice cemetery dated to the Medieval Period (11th to mid-13th century). The medieval sequences encompass almost the entire range of Western Eurasian macro-haplogroups: H, J, U. Interestingly, there is one sample which belongs to the Asian haplogroup G. aDNA sequences were compared with a dataset of 35,203 present-day sequences of the HVR I region of mtDNA including European, Near Eastern, and Asian populations, as well as 775 ancient sequences. Analyses of population genetics were performed, including genetic distances (FST), multidimensional scaling (MDS), principal component analysis (PCA) and shared haplotype analysis (SHA). The shared haplotype analysis (SHA) showed that the medieval population from Grodowice shares the majority of haplotypes with the medieval populations from the contact-zones of today’s Slovakia and Croatia (53.85%) as well as with Hungarian conquerors (46.15%).
2
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Společenské vývojové tendence středoevropského regionu jako předmět historické sociologie

88%
Holubec S.
Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)
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2012
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vol. 1-2
25-47
EN
The article deals with the idea of Central Europe and aims to identify common developmental tendencies of the region in the medieval period and early modern age. The author emphasizes the advantages of the comparative approach primarily in the case of the medieval and early modern Polish, Czech and Hungarian states. Alongside common developmental tendencies the author emphasizes also important differences which cast doubt on the very idea of Central Europe.
3
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Gold mining in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, from the New Kingom to medieval times: new insight from the Samut district

75%
Redon B., Marchand J., Faucher T.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(1)
EN
Gold was plentiful in Egypt and had been used by the Pharaohs from earliest times as a means of asserting their power. But the history and archaeology of the mining and production of the Egyptian gold is a lot less known than the splendour of the country’s kings. Between 2013 and 2016, the French Eastern desert mission aimed to fill in these gaps in our knowledge through the excavation of the gold mining district of Samut, located between Edfu and Marsa Alam. It hosts one of the largest Ptolemaic mineral processing site of the region, Samut north. The excellent preservation of the remains made possible, for the first time, a comparison between archaeological remains and the well-known treatise of Agatharchides of Cnidus exposing the awful conditions of living in the gold mines of the Ptolemies. Besides, three other sites were explored: the impressive village of Samut el-Beda, dated to the New Kingdom, and two small villages of medieval times. In all the sites structures and artifacts related to the gold processing were unearthed, that held crucial data on the technological and organizational evolution of the gold exploitation over more than two millennia in the Eastern desert.
4
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Zespół średniowiecznych mieczy z kolekcji Muzeum Zamkowego w Malborku i Muzeum Narodowego w Szczecinie

51%
Chodyński A. R., Żabiński G.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2021
|
vol. 17
479-539
EN
The article examines selected swords from high medieval and late medieval period (the 11th–13th century and 14th–15th century respectively) from the territory of the former State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia which are currently stored in the Malbork Castle Museum as well as in other collections, and a group of seven medieval swords from the National Museum in Szczecin. Apart from typological and chronological issues, also signs, inscriptions on swords and their decoration were examined. In many cases, they allow for linking the discussed objects with the devotional and religious sphere, which is particularly important in the context of crusades led by the knights of the Teutonic Order and their West-European companions against the pagan Balts. The paper also presents analogies of “crusade swords” from other parts of Europe. Based on the analysis of the signs on the sword blades possible production centres have been specified.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wybrane znaleziska mieczy z okresu pełnego (XI–XIII wiek) i późnego (XIV–XV wiek) średniowiecza z terenów dawnego Państwa Zakonnego w Prusach, które przechowywane są obecnie w kolekcji Muzeum Zamkowego w Malborku i w innych zbiorach, a także zespół siedmiu mieczy średniowiecznych ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Szczecinie. Obok zagadnień typologicznych i chronologicznych szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kwestie znaków, inskrypcji i zdobień na mieczach. W wielu przypadkach pozwalają one na powiązanie omawianych egzemplarzy ze sferą dewocyjno-religijną, co jest szczególnie istotne w kontekście wypraw krzyżowych prowadzonych przez rycerzy zakonu niemieckiego i ich zachodnioeuropejskich gości przeciwko pogańskim Bałtom. W pracy zostały także wskazane analogie mieczy „krucjatowych” z innych części Europy. Analiza znaków na głowniach mieczowych dała podstawę do wysunięcia przypuszczeń na temat możliwych ośrodków produkcji.
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