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PL
Almost all outstanding Polish historians and poets of the 17th century put forward the theory that the Polish gentry (szlachta) was descended from the Sarmatians-the warriors settled between the Dnieper and Vistula rivers. Sarmatism became an all–embracing national ideology. It was characterized among other things by megalomania.This article is an attempt at a survey of heraldic literature of Bartosz Paprocki(“Gniaz do cnoty”, Kraków 1578), Szymon Okolski (“Orbis Polonus”, Kraków 1641– 1645) and Wacław Potocki (“Poczet herbów szlachty”, Kraków 1696). The discussed Polish and Latin texts of poetical and rhetorical character were persuasive and shaped ethical values of their readers. These armorials satisfied the ambitions of the gentry but also touched upon current socio–political, religious and, last but not least, moral problems. Especially Wacław Potocki in his heraldic verses expressed a critical attitude towards the negative aspects of everyday life of the gentry.
EN
The article analyzes the problems of unknowability and total unity in the light of philosophy of Semyon L. Frank, set forth by him in the work The Unknowable. The author of the paper considers all the problems that arise as “icebergs” and tries to find the reasons for the distortion of the vision of the “top of the iceberg” and the “underwater part of the iceberg,” which is often unaware. The author examines the problems of the inadequate perception of reality: a narrow “one’s own little world” of the world perception, passed off as the truth in the final instance; absolutization of the mind, which considers itself able to know everything; the cultivation of negative information and cruelty in society; the role of media forming world perception; antagonistic dichotomy of the world perception; lack of a sense of connection of everything that exists, in particular of a sense of unity of “I” and “Thou;” loss of the “culture of heart” and the ability to love. As a result of the analysis undertaken, the author concludes that only by changing the causes that give rise to the “world of evil and separation” can the lost integrity and harmony of man, society and world civilization be restored. The revival of the earth’s civilization is possible only in total unity.
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