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Turyzm
|
2015
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vol. 25
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issue 1
67-75
EN
This paper presents the results of a study of 67 disused Lutheran cemeteries situated in the Pisz and Maskulińskie Forest Divisions (the southern part of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province). An inventory of gravestones and vegetation was compiled, and the types, sizes and geographical coordinates of the cemeteries were determined using a GPS receiver. The paper also presents an evaluation of the cemeteries, illustrated through examples in the Maskulińskie Forest Division. The best preserved and/or most interesting cemeteries are going to be included on a tourism trail.
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PL
Through the centuries, history united Poland and Belarus, therefore Belarus was almost completely Polonized. The history events and border moving of both nations caused that Poles are second biggest national minority after Russians on the Belarusian ground. The general theme of this article is to present testaments of culture that show evidence of Poles’ presence on these lands in the form of memorial sites and their current activities in Belarus.
EN
This paper discusses the consequences of the political transnationalization of Holocaust memory, as initiated by the Stockholm Holocaust Conference (2000) and the creation of the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research (1998), for the shaping of, and research on, the memorial sites commemorating the Holocaust. The article focuses on the consequences of the implementation of the project of common European Holocaust memory — its practical outcomes, but also on the resulting political tensions (especially in the context of EU eastern expansion), and poses questions about the various forms of political mobilization of Holocaust memory. At the same time, it demonstrates the necessity to problematize those research paradigms which focus exclusively on (and reproduce) the symbolic conflict between ‘East’ and ‘West’, and the antagonisms between national and ‘European’ agendas, when framing the post-Holocaust landscapes. Taking as a venture point the analysis of a specific memorial site — the former Nazi concentration camp Staro Sajmište in Belgrade — as well as artistic and research projects constructed around it, the article discusses the potential for alternative, local forms of site-specific engagement with Holocaust memory, critical towards and operating below or beyond national and transnational (EU) agendas.
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Sen o strážci hradu Karlštejna

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EN
The study deals with an analysis of the narrative texts from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries concerning Karlštejn Castle, with regard to both the narrative methods used and the period character of knowledge. The aim of this study is not primarily to cast doubt on the facts presented until now on this generally known phenomenon and other components connected with it, e.g. the feudal system here, but rather to table the question of in which way these frames have influenced the conception of the relevant phenomenon.
5
87%
EN
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.
PL
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.  
6
87%
EN
The text starts with a short introduction. Then the concept of place is defined and its inherent characteristics are described: its symbolism, multi-sided nature and multidisciplinary connotations. Afterwards the principles of place-based pedagogy are presented and it’s eclectic character is pointed out. Then, attempt explain idea of the memorial sites from the standpoint of history and pedagogy. In the final part the author relates to educational potential of (national) memorial sites and takes a stance on the role of memorial sites in citizenship education.
EN
Different historical narratives and collective memories linked to the constructions of national identity still divide Western and Central-Eastern Europe. The framework of Human Rights Education addressing universality and interdependence of Human Rights may have a potential to overcome divisions connected with national approaches to history. They may connect young people to “negative” memory and shameful, hidden, distorted historical narratives of the past of their own countries. The attitude of European societies towards the Holocaust is one of the themes still not included in many curricula. The history of the Holocaust and Soviet crimes in many countries still waits for contextual approaches. Museums and memorial sites in this context are carriers of memory of wars, genocides, slavery, totalitarian regimes, crimes against humanity, mass atrocities and memories of their victims. They are also signifi cant agents of historical socialisation. History education at memorial sites is a form of historical education based not on teaching about but rather on learning through the past. The text deals with empirical studies focused on education at museums and memorial sites and will explore issues related to education about the Holocaust and Gulag in selected case studies.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano rozważania dotyczące międzypokoleniowego projektu edukacyjno-badawczego pt. „Przywracanie Pamięci Miastu”. Projekt ten realizowany był przez Toruński Uniwersytet Trzeciego Wieku w partnerstwie z Wydziałem Nauk Pedagogicznych Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu w ramach programu „Patriotyzm Jutra”, który został ogłoszony przez Muzeum Historii Polski i sfinansowany przez Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. Przedsięwzięcie to opierało się na koncepcji miejsc pamięci Pierre’a Nory i nowoczesnej wizji patriotyzmu, a w warstwie dydaktyczno-metodologicznej osadzone zostało w ramach badań w działaniu, co umożliwiło łączenie treści historycznych z pedagogiczną metodą ich nowoczesnego przekazu. W tekście ukazano cele i efekty projektu, a także opisano jego przebieg i podjęte w jego ramach działania.
EN
The article presents reflections on the intergenerational educational-research project entitled “Restoring the Memory of the City”. This project was carried out by the University of the Third Age in Toruń in partnership with the Faculty of Education of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń within the “Patriotism of Tomorrow” framework announced by the Polish History Museum and financed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. This project was based on Pierre Nora’s concept of memorial sites and modern vision of patriotism. In didactic-methodological layer it was embedded within the framework of action research, thereby allowing to combine historical contents with pedagogical method of their modern transfer. The text shows the objectives and results of the project. Also, it describes its course and activities undertaken throughout its duration.
PL
War on Memorials in Catalonia. What to Do with Commemoration of the Battle of the Ebro The article discusses the conflicts taking place in public life over interpretation of the significance of places of national memory. The author presents them on the example of the dispute that arose in Spain over a memorial in the Catalan city of Tortosa. It commemorates the Battle of the Ebro, the military operation of the largest scale and consequences during the Spanish Civil War. The opponents of the memorial consider it as a testimony to the victory of Francoism and an unsightly and disgraceful element in the urban tissue. They appeal for its liquidation, while those arguing for its preservation and reinterpretation of the symbolic meaning treat it as an architecturally valuable distinguishing feature of the city. The fate of the controversial memorial does not rest solely in the hands of local authorities, but it has become a subject of political disagreement, disputes among residents and non-governmental activities. They are taking place against a background of the current legal basis of historical memory (Law 52/2007 of 26 December), which was developed by the political Left to compensate for the harm done to the victims of the Civil War and the Francoist dictatorship, and to implement changes in public space in connection with the traces of Francoism. However, its content leaves quite a big decision-making margin to the public authorities as to removing the traces of the regime from reinterpretation.
PL
The final element in a commemoration process is often considered to be a memorial plaque, monument, or museum. However, what precedes the creation of these material forms, or what happens to their message after they disappear or are transferred to the periphery of public interest, is often the most interesting for a researcher. The purpose of this article is to systematize and classify different forms of memorial sites by treating them as material and imaginary historical phenomena. By referring to the concept of functional and storage memory, as well as to Aleida Assman’s concepts of the canon and the archive, the article presents the stages in the production of memorial sites: from the first idea, through creation, to the moment when they cease to exist or are obliterated from the collective consciousness.
PL
W artykule skonfrontowano obowiązujące przepisy prawa ze stanem faktycznym opieki nad zabytkowymi cmentarzami. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia analizę norm prawnych w zakresie ochrony zabytkowych nekropolii; koncentruje się na charakterystyce zabytkowych obiektów – cmentarzy oraz wskazuje na normy prawne, których zadaniem jest ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego. Zwrócono uwagę na kwestie postępowania i opis procedur związanych z objęciem ochroną zabytkowych nekropolii, a także wyszczególniono instytucje odpowiedzialne za sprawowanie tej ochrony i zakres ich zadań. Podkreślono znaczenie ochrony zabytkowych obiektów – cmentarzy jako ochrony wartości, jakimi są dziedzictwo narodowe oraz tożsamość narodowa, prawna opieka nad zabytkowymi cmentarzami nie skupia się bowiem wyłącznie na ochronie miejsc pochówku ze względu na poszanowanie zwłok i w hołdzie zmarłym zasłużonym ojczyźnie, ale na równi dba o dziedzictwo kulturowe i otacza ochroną zabytkowe obiekty nekropolii o dużej wartości artystycznej, historycznej i kulturowej. Nie pominięto również problematyki opieki nad zabytkowymi polskimi cmentarzami położonymi poza granicami Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, a także źródeł finansowania renowacji zabytkowych obiektów oraz charakterystyki cmentarzy, które pełnią rolę wyjątkowych muzeów.
EN
The article confronts the current legal regulations with the actual state of guardianship of historic cemeteries. This study presents an analysis of legal norms in the field of protection of historic necropolises; it focuses on the characteristics of historic cemetery objects and indicates the legal norms whose task is to protect cultural heritage. Attention was drawn to the issues of proceeding and description of procedures related to the protection of historic necropolises, as well as the institutions responsible for the protection and the scope of their tasks. The importance of the protection of historic cemetery objects as a protection of values such as national heritage and identity was emphasized, as the legal care of historic cemeteries is not only focused on the pro¬tection of burial sites due to the respect for the bodies and in tribute to the deceased with merits for their homeland, but also takes care of cultural heritage and protects historic necropolis objects of high artistic, historical and cultural value. The issues concerning the protection of historical Polish cemeteries located outside the borders of the Republic of Poland, as well as sources of funding for the renovation of historic buildings and the characteristics of cemeteries, which serve as exceptional museums, were also taken into account.
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