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EN
The variability of university education is influenced, among other things, by the fact that in addition to students at the initial stage of their education, teachers also educate professionally active adults. They should, therefore, know which teaching methods can be successfully used for the education of undergraduates and of professionally active learners, and when these two pedagogical situations differ so significantly that they need to be treated differently. In this spirit, it is also necessary to approach the choice of teaching methods. During our course of Engineering Education (designed for academics wishing to acquire or extend their pedagogical skills) the method of concept maps has proven itself. In our research, we investigated whether the teachers perceived the education (in the subjects of Pedagogy, Didactics, Psychology) in which the concept map method was used as more effective in terms of remembering the subject, understanding it and applying it in their own pedagogical activities in comparison to the method of lecture with presentation.
EN
The author of the paper tries to analyse toponyms associated with Russia which are present for himself in the Polish linguistic space. The analysis will be made from a point of view of cultural linguistics. Place-names traditionally strengthened in both languages, of which showing geographical objects was an initial function, as  a result of historical contacts between Russia and Poland obtained a new additional meaning. Presenting the meaning is the purpose of the paper, in particular with the emphasis on the way the events associated with individual Russian toponyms was reflected in Polish are interpreted. The manner of making them Polish texts in which place names associated with Russia appear will be analysed. On the basis of the context of using them and stylistic marking applying these words will be described. Moreover, the place-names will stay in the form of questionnaire presented to native users of the Polish language in order to examine the associations connected with the given place.  On the basis of the research the author made an attempt to reconstruct the mental map of Russia in the Polish linguistic space.
EN
This paper presents the method of mental mapping, adapted for the purposes of anthropological research on perception and assessment of urbanised spaces. Its application is also discussed in the evaluation of cultural landscape, taking into account the aspect of human experience. The method allows for examination of the inhabited environment’s perceptions and their externalisation in the form of mental maps constructed on the basis of residents’ relations of examined locations. The analysis of mental maps allows both for identification and description of elementsthat create the structure of the space and the evaluation of their role in the life of the community and in the formation of a harmonious landscape. The source basis of the article, apart from works referred to in the bibliography, are ethnographic field studies conducted between 2014 and 2017 in ten villages in the Kielce Voivodeship and in Kielce.
EN
The author aims to look at the mental maps of the Polish world outlined in the beginning of the 19th century in order to stabilize and retain the image of this world after the cataclysm of Napoleonic wars and the ensuing political transformations. The article is an analysis of the works by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758-1841) and Stanisław Plater (1784-1851). The author claims that Niemcewicz undertook the task of sketching not only his personal reminiscences, but also a new mental map of the Polish world as an entity which was somewhat stabilized, if not quite steady and secure. In this vein he wrote a sort of historical reportage entitled ‘Podróże historyczne po ziemiach polskich’ (published in 1858) as well as a series of patriotic poems entitled ‘Śpiewy historyczne’ (1816), the historical treatise ‘Dzieje panowania Zygmunta III’ (1819) and the historical romance ‘Jan z Tęczyna’ (1825). Stanisław Plater (1784-1851), born to a famous Livonia family, wrote his ‘Jeografia wschodniey części Europy’ with the similar aim of portraying the Poles against the background of the ever-changing political geography of Eastern Europe.
EN
The present article follows some arguments that define East Central Europe on the fundament of a carefully selected choice of synthetically relevant literature, which shaped, profiled, and modified the discussion on the spatial-historical concept of East Central Europe in the last twenty-five years in English and German language.The article’s structure has the following three sections: European Patterns and Differentiated Functions (Wandycz), Expanding Concepts and Decentralized Perspectives: The Turn of theMillennia (Longworth, Johnson, Bideleux/ Jeffries, Niederhauser, Roth), Common Patterns and Linking Memory: Two Recent Examples (Puttkamer, Bahlcke/Rhodewald/Wünsch). With the intention to correspond to the present volume’s fundamental concept and main task, the article and its summary discuss whether there happened a shift from appropriation to rivalry in historiographical operationalization of the term “East Central Europe” in the last decades.
Język Polski
|
2021
|
vol. 101
|
issue 3
47-60
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie semantyczno-pragmatycznej słowa uchodźca, wybranego na słowo roku 2015, i omówieniu innych, bliskoznacznych nazw osób opuszczających swój kraj. Autorka przytacza dane leksykograficzne, głównie ze Słownika języka polskiego pod red. Witolda Doroszewskiego i Wielkiego słownika języka polskiego PAN, oraz informacje o frekwencji i typowych kontekstach omawianych słów wydobyte z Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego. Ukazuje wzajemne powiązania między leksemami w tym polu semantycznym oraz miejsce tych słów na mentalnej mapie Polaków.
EN
The article is devoted to the semantic-pragmatic analysis of the word uchodźca (‘refugee’), chosen for the word of the year 2015, and discussing other synonymous names of people leaving their country. The author cites lexicographic data, mainly from Słownik języka polskiego edited by Witold Doroszewski and Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN as well as information about the frequency and typical contexts of the words under discussion, extracted from the National Corpus of Polish. It shows the mutual connections between lexemes in this semantic field and the place of these words on the mental map of Poles.
IT
L’autrice cerca di leggere il romanzo Nella quiete del tempo di Olga Tokarczuk attraverso il prisma di categorie e concetti della linguistica culturale contemporanea (etnolinguistica) e dell’ecologia, come l’immagine linguistica del mondo, lo stereotipo, la mappa mentale, l’ecosistema lessicale. L’analisi del linguaggio dell’opera con con l’ausilio degli strumenti della linguistica culturale ha permesso di formulare la convinzione che il premio Nobel ha creato in quest’opera un “ritratto” storico-culturale e sociale di quella parte dell’Europa centrale chiamata Polonia provinciale. Secondo lei, questa immagine consiste in un certo sistema di verità, miti e spesso false percezioni. Senza entrare in polemica con l’insieme di stereotipi (per esempio stereotipi etnici), miti e credenze presenti nella nostra cultura e mentalità, la scrittrice ha indicato il potere dell’influenza dei cliché mentali ancora riprodotti. Gli strumenti di ricerca della linguistica ecologica, d’altra parte, hanno permesso di scrutare nel romanzo una polemica con la tradizione delle discipline umanistiche antroponormative e di definire l’atteggiamento dell’autrice come pro-ecologico.
EN
Taking recourse to such concepts of cultural and ecological linguistics as the linguistic picture of the world, mental maps, stereotypes and linguistic ecosystem the article tries to reinterpret Olga Tokarczuk’s Primeval and Other Times. Our analysis demonstrates that the Nobel prize winning writer has constituted a  historical, cultural, and social portrait of a  part of Central Europe called “provincial Poland.” This cultural construction is composed of a  system of truths and myths, as well as fictitious imaginings. These are mental cliches which still actively influence cultural and social behaviour in this part of the world. Ecological linguistics helped to identify ways in which Tokarczuk, assuming a  proecological attitude, deconstructs the tradition of anthroponormative thinking.
PL
Autorka podejmuje próbę odczytania powieści Olgi Tokarczuk Prawiek i inne czasy przez pryzmat kategorii i pojęć współczesnej lingwistyki kulturowej (etnolingwistyki) i ekologicznej, takich jak  językowy obraz świata, stereotyp, mapa mentalna, leksykalny ekosystem. Analiza języka utworu za pomocą instrumentarium lingwistyki kulturowej pozwoliła na sformułowanie przekonania, że noblistka stworzyła w tym utworze historyczno-kulturowy i społeczny „portret” tej części Europy Środkowej, która nazywa się Polska prowincjonalna. Jej zdaniem obraz ten składa się pewnego systemu prawd, mitów i nierzadko fałszywych wyobrażeń. Nie podejmując sporu z zespołem obecnych w naszej kulturze i mentalności stereotypów (np. etnicznych), mitów i przeświadczeń, pisarka wskazała na siłę oddziaływania powielanych nadal klisz myślowych. Natomiast narzędzia badawcze lingwistyki ekologicznej pozwoliły dostrzec w powieści  polemikę z tradycją humanistyki antroponormatywnej i określić postawę autorki jako proekologiczną. 
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