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Chronological framework of the fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok in the context of the Otomani‑Füzesabony cultural complex

100%

Oravkinová D., Vladár J.

Studia Hercynia

2019

issue 24

150-172

In contrast to other contemporaneous cultural groups, the Otomani Füzesabony cultural complex (OFCC) is conspicuous, inter alia, due to covering a relatively wide geographical area. Within it can be observed a high variability of source bases, which is conditioned by the differing emergence and adaptation backgrounds, as well as by a varying length of duration across different geographical regions. To make things worse, this diversity of archaeological sources is reflected also in the different use of terminology and in various absolute and relative chronological systems. When dealing with the chronological issues of the OFCC in the territory of Eastern Slovakia the fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok, deserves special consideration. Despite the absence of any absolute dates from the site, significantly represented material culture allows one to review its relative chronological framework. In this respect, the morpho typology of selected pottery and metal artefacts, together with their decorative motifs, provide useful information about its relative chronology. A formalised description of jugs, which represent the chronologically most sensitive group of pottery, allows for a partial use of statistical methods as well. As a result, we can obtain a relatively comprehensive view of the initial phase, the length of occupation, and the abandonment period of the fortified settlement. In combination with 14C dates this information might in future contribute to a more exact understanding of the chronological relations within a wider area of East Central Europe.

Skarb z Jodłowna, gm. Przywidz, pow. gdański, woj. pomorskie. Kontekst osadniczy oraz zagadnienia typologiczno-chronologiczne

58%

Nowak K., Gan P., Fudziński P., Palej A., Kwiatkowska M.

Pomorania Antiqua

2023

vol. Tom XXXII

91–114

The discovery of the hoard using a metal detector was made at the end of August 2021 in Jodłowno, Przywidz commune, Gdańsk district (Fig. 1). This area is located in the south-western part of the village. The hoard was found at a forest path, about 10 metres from the meander of the former riverbed. Excavations were carried out on September 3, 2021. In the central part of the trench there was a place indicated and dug up by Mr Piotr Spisak. The diagonals of the trench were located along the lines N-S, W-E (Fig. 2a). The exploration of the site began with the mechinery removal of the topsoil layer. Surface prospecting was carried out on an ongoing basis using a metal detector. After removing the topsoil layer, a round outline of the dig made by the finder was found. At a depth of about 70 cm, a flat stone was found, left there by the discoverer of the objects (Figs. 2a; 3b). The finder claims that the stone was above metal artefacts. Below the stone, intact metal objects with an intense green patina began to appear (Figs. 2b; 3c, d). The artefacts were in the ground in an organized order (Fig. 3d-f). Rods/bars along with several tied items were put together in two groups. In the central part there were necklaces stacked on top of each other and an ankle ring which was partially surrounded by necklaces (Fig. 3f). The individual elements of the deposit were tied with a string made of organic material, the remains of which have been preserved on some items. Some ingots or groups of objects were bound with it (Fig. 4). Four cast hollow ankle rings were found in the deposit (Inv. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 17; Fig. 5), six bow-shaped necklaces (Inv. Nos. 23-28; Fig. 6.7), a cast bracelet, hollow with thickened ends (Fig. 8), two fragments of hoop ornaments with a small rod diameter (Fig. 9a, b). Production waste included two separated casting jets of inlet reservoirs with two supply channels (Fig. 10). The deposit also includes blades and their fragments (Fig. 11a-d). The largest group of metal artefacts in the deposit are rods/bars (fifty specimens). This large collection is highly diversified both metrically and formally (Fig. 12). Based on the presence of dating artefacts, such as ankle rings and bow-shaped necklaces, the chronology of the deposit should be determined to the early Iron Age. Based on the findings of M. Hoffman (2000, p. 125), the presence of bow-shaped necklaces seems to date the deposit to the late early Bronze Age (HaD). The discovery from Jodłowno is part of the whole network of discoveries of hoards from the early Iron Age. The micro region of Jodłowno, a small village located in the eastern part of the Kashubian Lake District, is an area with many discoveries from the early Iron Age. There are as many as fourteen archaeological sites in the village itself. The discovery of the hoard in Jodłowno is one of the few examples of assemblage of artefacts that have been fully recovered. It is also one of the few so-called compact assemblages, whose homogeneity is certain. For the first time in the case of the early Iron Age in Pomerania, we are dealing with a well-documented context of the deposition of metal objects constituting a single assemblage. Depositing the ingots should not determine only the ‘raw material’ interpretation of the nature of the hoard and the question of belonging only to a person engaged in metallurgy, so eagerly undertaken by researchers. Further research of individual components of the hoard will bring us closer to an attempt to reconstruct their ‘biography’ and interpret the deposition act.

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1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Studia Hercynia

1 Fudziński P.

1 Gan P.

1 Kwiatkowska M.

1 Nowak K.

1 Oravkinová D.

1 Palej A.

1 Vladár J.

1 2023

1 2019

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Chronological framework of the fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok in the context of the Otomani‑Füzesabony cultural complex

Skarb z Jodłowna, gm. Przywidz, pow. gdański, woj. pomorskie. Kontekst osadniczy oraz zagadnienia typologiczno-chronologiczne