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Homo Ridens versus Homo Sapiens

100%
Czyżewski S.
DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu
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2015
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vol. 19
26-62
EN
The somewhat provocative idea of laughing and thinking as opposition was used in the title as the starting thesis for the article which then analyses the details. The result of the analysis will be the reversal of the thesis. Does this opposition really existIs or rather it is merely the result of intellectual reflection on issues relating to human behavior? The question is both rhetorical and valid. The analysis of this issue is dominated by adoptation of the perspective of homo ludens as the cultural basis of the human activity. Distant background for this essay is Huizinga’s theory connected with 6 2 S t e f a n C z y ż e w s k i the ludic elements in all forms of human activity. The conclusion is that ‘ludic equals cultural’. The essay does not include detailed polemics with the Great Dutchman. As starting point, however, it includes the idea of functioning of art through the use of sapiens element and the existence of ludens element only in some art forms. The functioning of art based on the sapiens category does not need the prove becaus it is based on artistic convention and all its hypothetical and real (often spectacular) problems connected with art – both ex ante and ex post. It is true in the context of art-producers and the cunsumers of art. The main idea of the essay is a the paradox : the sapiens category in the field of art includes a particular type of actions that also exploit, so to speak – in depth the ludens category, but the actions do not refer to a simple reaction generating emotional psyche tipical to the ridens category. These activities are connected with the isolated and relatively small number of customers; only those, who are able to consciously open the ridens category as the result of ratiocinatio. The final effect is the same as an emotional state for ridens but in the second stage; the paradox lies in the result of exceeding the simple reaction of the psyche, extended to forms of the actions of intelligens category. The essay is based on the examples of paintings from metalinguistic images by Gijsbrechts, the automatism by Rubens and Velasquez, automatic-metalingistic paintings by surrealists (Dali and Magritte), to obvious in this context opart experiments, as conscious intellectual jokes. A slight widening of the background of these considerations form the examples from other fields of art, literature and film.
2
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Moskiewska szkoła semantyczna a Polska szkoła składni semantycznej: rekonesans metalingwistyczny

63%
Kiklewicz A., Szumska D.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2023
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vol. 1
285-318
XX
The article, as reflected in the title, is an attempt to name the main similarities and differences between the theoretical ideas and the results of empirical research of the two most influential theoretical schools of semantics, i.e. the Moscow Semantic School (MSS) and the Polish School of Semantic Syntax (PSSS). The aim of the comparison is to make it clear that, in spite of a common epistemological ground, which lies in functionalism and an integrated approach to semantics and syntax, MSS and PSSS prioritize the problem of a complex description of the semantics of lexical units in a different way. MSS puts stress on the troubled relationship between semantics and lexicography, focusing on the lexicographical application of semantic analysis, while PSSS examines the sentence-forming formalization of the propositional structure within the scope of the explication of its components. The final conclusion is that, although it would be naive to assume that MSS and PSSS can work hand in hand, it would be reasonable to expect that they can learn from mutual experiences and inspire each other to improve the explanatory adequacy of research results, contributing to the theory of lexical semantics.
3
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Kategorizace v lingvistice : spiritus agens nového poznání?

63%
Křivan J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
11-23
EN
The paper deals with (meta)linguistic categorization and its role in linguistic/grammatical research. Following the presentation of the starting point on how to assess distinct categorizations, it is shown how the absence or presence of theoretical positions on categorization in languages (structuralism, generativism, usage-based approaches) affects linguistic descriptions, and examples of inconsistencies are also presented. Subsequently, it is suggested a new categorization perspective can be used to overcome existing categorizations. The paper also presents the position that the study of language concerns causal processes applied in multiple frames and concludes that doing distinct and compatible categorizations can truly serve as a spiritus agens of new findings in linguistics.
4
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O propozycjach klasyfikacji jednostek mowy ludzkiej – polemicznie

63%
Nowak T.
Forum Lingwistyczne
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2015
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issue 2
123-138
EN
The article is a reconnaissance. First, the author discusses with the authors of the classification of language and speech. Second, the author formulates own proposals in question of quality and quantity of units of human speech. The author distinguishes between units who perform functions: representative (propositional) and communication (text) and analyzes it based on different linguistic programs.
5
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Eksplicytacja: zjawisko --> koncept --> termin w perspektywie metodologii modelu składni propozycjonalnej. Lingwistyczny głos w dyskusji o uniwersaliach translatologicznych

51%
Szumska D., Ozga K.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2020
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vol. 76
409-423
PL
Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, iż warto dokonać komparatystycznej inwentaryzacji zapleczy pojęciowoterminologicznych przekładoznawstwa i lingwistycznych badań nad tekstem. Punktem wyjścia takiej operacji winno być dążenie do konfrontacji stosowanych metajęzyków w ramach dyskursów naukowych obu obszarów badawczych pod kątem identyfikacji wspólnych kategorii pojęciowych i eliminacji sprzecznych z kluczowym w analizie tekstu założeniem oddzielania płaszczyzny formy od płaszczyzny treści założeń metodologicznych. Pozwoliłoby to na wypracowanie wartości dodanej w postaci wspólnej płaszczyzny komunikacji do wymiany doświadczeń badawczych, której istnienie wydaje się konieczne dla rozwoju obu dyscyplin. Wątkiem empirycznym w prezentowanych rozważaniach jest – stosownie do ich tytułu – wykazanie przy pomocy aparatu metodologicznego składni predykatowo-argumentowej amorficzności stosowanego w badaniach przekładoznawczych terminu „eksplicytacja” i propozycja doprecyzowania odpowiadającej mu kategorii pojęciowej.
EN
Explicitation: phenomenon → concept → term from the perspective of the methodology of propositional syntax. A linguistic contribution to the dispute over translation universals. Summary: The article aims to demonstrate that it is worthwhile to carry out a comparative analysis of the conceptual and terminological inventories of translatology and text linguistics. The inquiry should start by juxtaposing the metalanguages used in the research within these two areas of study, with a view to identifying conceptual categories common to both fields and eliminating those methodological assumptions which contradict the key assumption of text analysis, i.e. the separation of the plane of form from the plane of content. Through this it would be possible to achieve an added value by establishing a common ground for sharing research experiences, which appears to be the sine qua non for the development of both disciplines. The empirical strand of the article consists in demonstrating – with the help of the methodological apparatus of predicate-argument syntax – the amorphousness of the term ‘explicitation’ used in translation studies and in outlining a proposal for defining more precisely the conceptual category associated with the term. Keywords: explicitation, translation universals, translatology, propositional syntax, predicate-argument structure, terminology, metalinguistics
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