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EN
Many large and small museums in the provinces of Iran exhibit objects, containers, and display items that are not well known and are often on loan from other museums. These objects of cultural value have been introduced to these collections at different times and no serious, even elementary research and study has been carried out on them. By introducing this type of objects some of the ideas presented so far may be reviewed and corrected. In this article I have tried to point out how to obtain this design and to describe it accurately and to describe the carved inscriptions on it, then how to make it and its motifs and how these decorations relate to its possible function as well as their possible origin. The author also draws attention to the catastrophic lack of evidence and events that have taken place in recent years in the Middle East and Iran's western neighbors. In the end, I have briefly summarized various points mentioned above.
EN
Most explanations of social collapse highlight the ecological strain or the role of economic stratification but they hardly try to establish a link between the origins of prosperity and the causes of collapse. Our purpose is to establish such link, i.e. to provide an explanation of collapse based on the origin of prosperity. For cultures of the Bronze Age, the prosperity came from metalworking, i.e. initially from a mining boom and then to the subsequent activities (bronze production) it allowed. In such context, the collapse can be the result of an economic crisis known in modern economic analysis as the “Dutch Disease”, a term that broadly refers to the harmful consequences of large increases in a country’s income. Such explanation is particularly well suited to spell out the collapse of a Central European Early Bronze Age culture, the Únětice culture (2300-1600 B.C.).
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