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Całościowe badania społeczności językowych

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EN
Einar Haugen’s theory of “ecology of language”, also known as ecolinguistics and linguistic ecology, is an interdisciplinary approach within linguistic studies. The description of language with its “environment”, i.e. speech community, its history, economic and political situation, legal status and other features, is an important part of many research reports in sociolinguistics and contact linguistics. Despite of the usefulness of non-structural factors in linguistic analysis, one has to admit that many scholars, not only representatives of social sciences but also linguists, tend to concentrate on the sociological or anthropological part of ecolinguistic studies and neglect the question of linguistic phenomena or significantly reduce their description. However, there are certain studies from the field of linguistic ecology which can be characterized as comprehensive approaches in the research on speech communities, where socio-cultural and linguistic questions are paid equal attention. One of the most detailed research reports in this field is Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz’s monograph on the language of resettlers from Navahrudak and its surroundings after the World War II. This in-depth study of a speech community is a rare example of a multifaceted analysis of idiolectal and generational evolution of the Polish language of the Eastern Borderlands.
EN
The article discusses some issues relating to the field of research analysis of linguistic material recorded in the contact zone of the Belarusian dialects with other languages (dialects). The author traces the publications of researchers, especially those which were written at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first century, and on their basis some issues are discussed concerning the ambiguity of the terms; she compares them with traditional and innovative ways of interpreting linguistic facts and also shows that some stereotypes were contemporary in linguistic studies.
PL
W artykule poruszono kwestie dotyczące badań terenowych oraz analizy językoznawczej materiału pochodzącego ze stref kontaktów gwar białoruskich z innymi językami (gwarami). Autorka dokonuje przeglądu publikacji z przełomu XX i XXI wieku, aby na ich podstawie rozważyć dyskusyjne kwestie odnoszące się do określeń o charakterze terminologicznym. Zestawia uzupełniające się tradycyjne i nowatorskie sposoby interpretacji faktów językowych oraz pokazuje, że niektóre stereotypowe poglądy pojawiają się także we współczesnych opracowaniach językoznawczych.
RU
У артыкуле абмяркоўваюцца асобныя праблемы палявых даследаванняў на паграніччы, а таксама лінгвістычнага аналізу матэрыялу, які ілюструе моўныя кантакты беларускіх гаворак з іншымі мовамі (гаворкамі). Робіцца агляд публікацыяў даследчыкаў, асабліва надрукаваных на мяжы ХХ і ХХІ стст., абапіраючыся на якія разглядаюцца дыскусійныя пытанні адносна неадназначных тэрмінаў, супастаўляюцца традыцыйныя і інавацыйныя спосабы інтэрпрэтацыі моўных фактаў, а таксама паказваецца, што некаторыя стэрэатыпныя ўяўленні датычаць і сучасных мовазнаўчых даследаванняў.
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