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EN
Up to very recently it was a generally accepted fact, that in the 15th century, the Ecumenical Patriarch Niphon B’, in a letter replying to a query by the Metropolitan of Kiev Joseph, urged his correspondent to accept the Union of the Churches. The text of the letter in question, first appeared in a book published by the Smolensk archbishop Leo Kreuza in Polish in 1617 in Vilna. This letter, published in Polish, could have easily remained unknown to the public in general had it not been rendered in Latin ten years later and published in the “Annalii Ecclesiasticorum” of the Vatican. Apart from a number of other clues, sound proof of the letter’s fakeness is provided by its dating, (Anno septem millesimo mensis aprilis V. undecima currente indictione), that is 5 April 1493. It should be noted that by this date, neither Niphon was a Patriarch yet, nor was Joseph elected to the Metropoly of Kiev. Let us therefore add this letter to the numbers of forged documents fabricated to prove predefined events and conclusions. For the instigators of the documents in question where only seeking to legalise historically and provide the benefit of dating to their project: the subjecting the District’s Orthodox populace to the Latin Church.
EN
The paper deals with a problem of transmission and adaptation of the singing church music from Belorussian and Ukrainian lands to Russia. The Cherubic melodies named “Wilnian” in the Russian musical manuscripts were used as the material for this investigation. There were discovered no less than four melodies under this title. At the same time in different manuscripts the chants had many other names which can help to reconstruct a history of their transmission. The analysis of the copies of the Cherubic hymns and their tittles shows the Wilna’s melodies probably had their origin from Greek Bulgarian lands. At the Kievan Metropolis they were mainly existed in the oral tradition. Russian singers notated these songs in the church singing manuscripts “Obichod” as one voice melody as parts harmonizations from two up twentieth voices. The note “Wilnian” in Russian rare books indicated important role of Wilna’s musicians in this cross-cultural transmission that is confirmed some historical sources too.
EN
The copy of the Great Euchologion dating from the last quarter of the XVI contains information that , after he became the metropolitan of Kiev in 1509, Joseph II Soltan together with his bishops gave up the practice of preparation of a second lamb for the communion of a newly ordained priest – the practice that was widespread at that time in the Kievan (Lithuanian) metropoly. As the church rules did not mention such a habit, a letter was addressed to Joachim I, the patriarch of Constantinople, asking for an explanation of the matter. In his answer the patriarch explained that one does not prepare two lambs while offering the Divine mysteries, but one as one was Jesus Christ crucified for our salvation. A special part of the lamb though is kept till the suitable moment when it is put on the paten and the newly ordained priest partakes the Holy Gifts with the other priests. Moreover the manuscript contains the text of the three liturgies – that of St John Chrysostom, St Basil the Great, and the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts – the indications how to choose worthy priests and how to ordain priests and deacons, the rite of coronation of a king as well as other texts.
PL
Do dziś, misja prowadzona w Rzymie przez biskupów ruskich Hipacego Po­cieja i Cyryla Terleckiego od listopada 1595 do marca 1596 roku, znana była głównie z nielicznych i rozproszonych notatek i relacji różnych członków Ku­rii, zgromadzonych w drugiej połowie XX wieku w źródłowych wydaniach Atanaziego Wełykiego. Z tego powodu, ruski psałterz znaleziony w bibliotece Évreux (Normandia) pozwala na nowe rozważanie tego założycielskiego eta­pu w historii unii brzeskiej. Starodruk, opatrzony adnotacjami samego Pocieja i ofiarowany przebywającemu wówczas w Rzymie francuskiemu biskupowi Jacques’owi Davy Du Perronowi, odzwierciedla zarówno koncepcje eklezjo­logiczne ruskiego biskupa włodzimierskiego i jego pragnienie wpisania unij­nej polemiki w szerszy kontekst wyznaniowy, daleko poza granicami Rzeczy­pospolitej. Widoczne niepowodzenie tej inicjatywy występuje również jako świadectwo wyzwań, przed którymi stali zwolennicy unii lokalnych w czasach potrydenckich.
FR
Jusqu’à présent, la mission menée à Rome par les évêques ruthènes Hipacy Pociej et Cyryl Terlecki entre novembre 1595 et mars 1596 était principale­ment connue par quelques notes et rapports éparses, laissés par les différents membres de la Curie, qui ont été réunis dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle dans les éditions de sources d’Atanasij Velykyj. C’est pourquoi, le psautier ruthène retrouvé dans la bibliothèque d’Évreux (Normandie) permet d’offrir un nouveau regard sur cette étape fondatrice de l’Union de Brest. L’ouvrage annoté de la main de Pociej lui-même et offert à l’évêque français Jacques Davy Du Perron, qui se trouvait alors à Rome, reflète à la fois les conceptions ecclésiolo­giques de l’évêque ruthène de Volodymyr et sa volonté d’inscrire la polémique unioniste dans un contexte confessionnel plus large, bien au-delà des frontières de la République polono-lituanienne. L’échec apparent de cette initiative appa­raît également comme un témoignage des défis auxquels se sont confrontés les partisans des Unions locales au cours de la période post-tridentine.
EN
Until now, the mission carried out in Rome by the Ruthenian bishops Hipacy Pociej and Cyryl Terlecki between November 1595 and March 1596 was main­ly known by a few scattered notes and reports left by the various members of the Curia, which were brought together in the second half of the 20th century in sources editions of Atanasij Velykyj. This is why the Ruthenian psalter found in the library of Évreux (Normandy) offers a new perspective on this founding stage of the Union of Brest. The book annotated by the hand of Pociej himself and offered to the French bishop Jacques Davy Du Perron, who was then in Rome, reflects both the ecclesiological conceptions of the Ruthenian bishop of Volodymyr and his desire to place the unionist polemic in a wider confes-sional context, well beyond the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth. The apparent failure of this initiative also comes as a testimony to the challenges faced by supporters of local Unions from the post-Tridentine period.
PL
W artykule rozpatrywany jest, z punktu widzenia prawa cerkiewnego, konflikt pomiędzy Stefanem Zyzanią a władzą duchowną w kontekście przygotowania przez „ruskich” hierarchów Rzeczypospolitej lokalnej unii 1596 roku z Kościołem katolickim. Na podstawie analizy dokumentów dotyczących wskazanego okresu autorka dochodzi do wniosku, że zachowanie i działanie Zyzanii uwarunkowane było normami kanonicznymi Kościoła prawosławnego metropolii kijowskiej.
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